Biology Lab Exam

What is the metric system based on

Units of ten

What is the universal measuring system called?

The metric system

What is used to measure mass?

Grams

What is used to measure volume?

Liters

What is used to measure distance?

Meters

What does biology rely heavily on?

All of the above

How do you measure volume?

length x width x height

How do you find the area of a square?

Length * Width

How do you measure something in a graduated cylinder?

By measuring the lowest portion of the meniscus

If we had a box that was 12cm long and 12cm wide, what would the area be?

144cm

What is the amount of matter an object posses?

mass

The meniscus is the highest portion of the convex dip of the liquid as it sits in the graduated cylinder?

True

Temperature is the highest portion of the convex dip of the liquid as it sits in the graduated cylinder

True

Why does a meniscus form?

because water molecules are more attracted to the glass

What does it mean if you see the notation m3?

You are measuring volume

The most common acid is NaOH

True

A solution with a pH of 16 is a base

True

A substance that has an increase concentration of hydrogen ions

Acids

The study of matter and its properties

Chemistry

If solution A has a pH of 2 and solution B has a pH of 8, which of the following is true?

A is acidic, B is basic

Ionic bonds occur when electrons are shared

False

Protons and neutrons are found in the center of an atom

True

The difference between an acid and a base is that an acid ____, whereas a base ____

Releases H+ ions in a solution; releases OH- ions

The four elements most common in organisms are (the ones that make up 96% of life)

carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen

Which type of bond allows atoms to share electrons?

Covalent

What is anything that takes up space called?

Matter

What is the smallest unit of matter?

Atoms

Compounds are made from combining elements in definite proportions?

True

To understand chemistry, you have to understand how living organisms work

True

In your experiment, you found out that baking soda was a(n)

Base

Which part of the scientific method will allow you to make an educated guess on what you think will occur in this experiment?

Hypothesis

What is the first step of the scientific method called?

Observation

What is a generalization based on many observations and experiments where the hypothesis has been well tested and verified?

Theory

Which of the following would be considered our control variable in this experiment?

The water

A hypothesis is not an observation, rather a tentative explanation for the observation

True

After stating a hypothesis, it is time to perform the experiment

True

A good scientists tries NOT to be observant

False

According to the website you reviewed, a scientist performs the experiment to see if the predicted results are obtained

True

Which step of the scientific method includes your charts, numbers, & measurements?

The results step

According to the website you reviewed, the steps of the scientific method make up a method which may be used to logically solve problems in other areas of life

True

Before you begin an experiment, you should always do what first?

State the hypothesis

When graphing your date, it is important to place the independent variable on the ___ axis and place the dependent variable on the ___ axis

x axis, y axis

If the hypothesis in a scientific experiment is not supported, the experiment is considered to be a complete failure and must be repeated until a satisfactory outcome is reached

false

Molecules are constantly in motion due to kinetic energy present in every atom

True

The energy that results in net movement of molecules from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration

Diffusion

If uninhibited, diffusion will continue until equilibrium is reached and molecules are uniformly distributed

True

Which part of the cell is so important to how well something diffuses?

The cell’s membrane

The rate of diffusion depends on the medium used, size of the molecule, and polarity of the molecule

True

Large, non-polar molecules exhibit a higher rate of diffusion than small, charged ones

False

The direction of diffusion depends on what concentration gradients?

Both Heat and Pressure

Tonicity describes solute differences between solutions and determines osmosis

True

What happens to the concentration of oxygen in air between the time it is inhaled and exhaled?

The concentration of oxygen in the exhaled decreases

A solution and/or its components may not be able to pass through a membrane if the concentration is too high

True

The ability of a molecule to cross the membrane is determined by

All of the above

Molecules generally move from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration

True

In some cases, only certain substances can pass through a cell membrane because it is semi-permeable

True

What is movement of a solvent through a semipermeable membrane?

Osmosis

In diffusion, the solvent can pass through a semipermeable membrane

False

Your kidneys use dialysis to cleanse your blood by allowing small waste products to leave the blood to go into the urine, but not important proteins and sugars

True

What kind of removing toxic substances from the blood is used when kidneys are unable to do so?

Hemodialysis

Hemodialysis is frequently used for patients with kidney failure, but may also be used to quickly remove drugs or poisons in dangerous situations

True

In experiment I, what dye diffused faster?

They diffused about the same

Facilitated diffusion requires ATP

False

Cell membranes are composed of

2 layers of phospholipids

With filtration, molecules are moving randomly

False

If diffusion is uninhibited, this net movement will continue until equilibrium is achieved

True

In facilitated diffusion, what does it require to bring the molecules across the cell membrane

cell channel proteins

Which of the following have a higher solute concentration outside the cell than on inside the cell

Hypertonic solution

The fluid filled space is called

Cytoplasm

What is the energy currency of the cell?

ATP

Glycolysis occurs with or without oxygen and takes place where in the cell?

Cytoplasm

What is the correct formula for cellular respiration in cells?

C6H12O6 + 6O2 ——> 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP

Aerobic respiration takes place where in the cell?

Mitochondria

Anaerobic respiration takes place where in the cell?

The cytoplasm

Anaerobic means without oxygen

True

Aerobic means with oxygen

True

Fermentation is an anaerobic process that reduces NAD+ so that glycolysis can stop its process

False

During physical activity, cells require more energy. As long as enough oxygen can be delivered to the cells, aerobic respiration dominates

True

When energy consumption exceeds the oxygen supply, anaerobic respiration starts

True

Lactic acid is a byproduct, and what causes muscle soreness after a hard workout

True

The end result of fermentation is 4 ATP molecules

False

Sucrose (a disaccharide) is made up of what two sugars

glucose and fructose

Yeast cells produce ethanol and CO2 during fermentation

True

Glucose is a type of disaccharide

False