JBL EMT FINAL EXAM

As an EMT, you may be authorized to administer aspirin to a patient with chest pain based on:

Select one:

A. the transport time to the hospital.

B. medical director approval.

C. an order from a paramedic.

D. the patient's condition.

B. medical director approval.

EMT training in nearly every state meets or exceeds the guidelines recommended by the:

Select one:

A. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA).

B. National Registry of EMTs.

C. individual state's EMS protocols.

D. National Association of EMTs.

A. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA).

Which of the following statements regarding the EMS medical director and an EMT's scope of practice is correct?

Select one:

A. The EMS medical director can expand the EMT's scope of practice but cannot limit it without state approval.

B. The EMS medical director can expand or limit an individual EMT's scope of practice without state approval.

C. An EMT's scope of practice may be expanded by the medical director after proper training and state approval.

D. An EMT's scope of practice is exclusively regulated by the state EMS office, not the EMS medical director.

C. An EMT's scope of practice may be expanded by the medical director after proper training and state approval.

Determination of exposure is an important component of an infection control plan because it:

Select one:

A. determines which type of communicable disease might be present in the workplace.

B. defines who is most likely to transmit communicable diseases in the workplace.

C. defines who is at risk for contact with blood and body fluids and which tasks pose a risk of exposure.

D. determines the time of day when most exposures are likely to occur.

C. defines who is at risk for contact with blood and body fluids and which tasks pose a risk of exposure.

If you use a waterless handwashing substitute in the field, it is important to:

Select one:

A. wait at least five minutes before touching another patient.

B. avoid donning another pair of gloves for at least 10 minutes.

C. wash your hands with soap and water at the hospital.

D. immediately dry your hands with a paper towel.

C. wash your hands with soap and water at the hospital.

Physiologic manifestations of stress include:

Select one:

A. increased blood pressure, decreased blood glucose levels, and chest pain.

B. perspiration, increased blood glucose levels, and dilated pupils.

C. flushed skin, decreased muscle control, and vomiting.

D. slow heart rate, low blood pressure, and severe headaches.

B. perspiration, increased blood glucose levels, and dilated pupils.

Which of the following scenarios most accurately depicts a posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) reaction?

Select one:

A. A newly certified EMT becomes extremely nauseated and diaphoretic at the scene of an incident involving grotesque injuries.

B. An EMT becomes distracted at the scene of a motor vehicle crash involving the same type of car in which a child was previously killed.

C. An EMT with many years of field experience becomes irritable with her coworkers and experiences headaches and insomnia.

D. An EMT is emotionally exhausted and depressed after a school bus crash involving critical injuries and the death of several children.

B. An EMT becomes distracted at the scene of a motor vehicle crash involving the same type of car in which a child was previously killed.

Which of the following statements regarding the hepatitis B vaccine is correct?

Select one:

A. Vaccination against hepatitis B provides partial immunity for life.

B. The hepatitis B vaccine provides protection against the disease for two years.

C. Vaccination with the hepatitis B vaccine confers immunity against hepatitis A.

D. OSHA requires that your employer offer you the vaccine free of charge.

D. OSHA requires that your employer offer you the vaccine free of charge.

Which of the following statements would not be appropriate to say to the family of a dying patient?

Select one:

A. "Tell me how you are feeling."

B. "This must be painful for you."

C. "Things will get better in time."

D. "It is okay to be angry and sad."

C. "Things will get better in time."

You are caring for a 40-year-old female who was involved in a motor vehicle crash. Her husband, who was driving the vehicle, was killed. When the patient asks you if her husband is all right, you should:

Select one:

A. avoid answering her questions and focus on her injuries.

B. let clergy or hospital staff relay the bad news if possible.

C. tell her that he is being resuscitated by other EMTs.

D. immediately tell her of his death so that she might grieve.

B. let clergy or hospital staff relay the bad news if possible.

You arrive at the scene of a domestic violence situation. As you approach the doorway of the apartment, you hear screaming and the statement, "He has a gun!". Your most appropriate action should be to:

Select one:

A. continue into the apartment using extreme caution.

B. get in your ambulance and leave the scene immediately.

C. seek a safe place and request law enforcement assistance.

D. continue into the apartment and apprehend the gunman.

C. seek a safe place and request law enforcement assistance.

All of the following are considered to be protected health information (PHI), except:

Select one:

A. location of the call.

B. treatment rendered.

C. assessment findings.

D. patient history.

A. location of the call.

In which of the following situations does a legal duty to act clearly exist?

Select one:

A. A call is received 15 minutes prior to shift change.

B. The EMT hears of a cardiac arrest after his or her shift ends.

C. A bystander encounters a victim who is not breathing.

D. The EMT witnesses a vehicle crash while off duty.

A. A call is received 15 minutes prior to shift change.

Your best protection against legal liability when a patient with decision-making capacity refuses EMS care and transport is to:

Select one:

A. err on the side of caution and transport.

B. ensure that the family is aware of the risks.

C. thoroughly document the entire event.

D. advise medical control of the situation.

C. thoroughly document the entire event.

After delivering your patient to the hospital, you sit down to complete the handwritten PCR. When documenting the patient's last blood pressure reading, you inadvertently write 120/60 instead of 130/70. To correct this mistake, you should:

Select one:

A. cover the error with correction fluid and then write the patient's actual blood pressure over it.

B. erase the error, initial it, and then write the correct data on a separate addendum.

C. leave the error on the PCR, but inform the staff of the patient's actual blood pressure.

D. draw a single horizontal line through the error, initial it, and write the correct data next to it.

D. draw a single horizontal line through the error, initial it, and write the correct data next to it.

During your assessment of a 20-year-old man with a severe headache and nausea, you ask him when his headache began, but he does not answer your question immediately. You should:

Select one:

A. repeat your question because he probably did not hear you.

B. ask him if he frequently experiences severe headaches and nausea.

C. allow him time to think about the question and respond to it.

D. tell him that you cannot help him unless he answers your questions.

C. allow him time to think about the question and respond to it.

The official transfer of patient care does not occur until the EMT:

Select one:

A. gives a radio report to the receiving medical facility.

B. notifies the admitting clerk of the patient's arrival at the hospital.

C. informs dispatch of the patient's arrival at the emergency department.

D. gives an oral report to the emergency room physician or nurse.

D. gives an oral report to the emergency room physician or nurse.

You are dispatched to the residence of an Asian family for a child with a high fever. When you assess the child, you note that he has numerous red marks on his back. The child's parents explain that these marks represent coining—a traditional Asian healing practice in which hot coins are rubbed on the back. You should:

Select one:

A. document this finding on your patient care report and advise the emergency department staff of what the child's parents told you.

B. advise the child's parents that this is a harmful practice and is considered a form of child abuse in the United States.

C. acknowledge and respect this practice as a cultural belief, but advise the child's parents that it has no healing power.

D. advise the emergency department physician that you believe the child was intentionally abused by his parents.

A. document this finding on your patient care report and advise the emergency department staff of what the child's parents told you.

Relative to the ankle, the knee is:

Select one:

A. medial.

B. lateral.

C. proximal.

D. superior.

C. proximal.

A 16-year-old female complains of vaginal bleeding and abdominal cramping that began several hours ago. During your assessment interview, you should:

Select one:

A. obtain the majority of your information from one of her parents.

B. inquire about the possibility of pregnancy in private, if possible.

C. avoid asking questions that she will feel uncomfortable answering.

D. recall that patients in this age group prefer not to be treated as adults.

B. inquire about the possibility of pregnancy in private, if possible.

The low normal systolic blood pressure for a 30-year-old is:

Select one:

A. 80 mm Hg.

B. 70 mm Hg.

C. 60 mm Hg.

D. 90 mm Hg.

D. 90 mm Hg.

The risk of bleeding in the skull, which increases with age, is most directly related to:

Select one:

A. a decrease in neurons.

B. shrinkage of the brain.

C. blood vessel dilation.

D. meningeal deterioration.

B. shrinkage of the brain.

An 81-year-old female fell and struck her head. You find the patient lying on her left side. She is conscious and complains of neck and upper back pain. As you are assessing her, you note that she has a severely kyphotic spine. What is the most appropriate method of immobilizing this patient?

Select one:

A. Apply a cervical collar and place her in a sitting position on the wheeled stretcher.

B. Immobilize her in a supine position on a long backboard and secure her with straps.

C. Move her to a supine position and immobilize her with a scoop stretcher and padding.

D. Leave her on her side and use blanket rolls to immobilize her to the long backboard.

D. Leave her on her side and use blanket rolls to immobilize her to the long backboard.

In most instances, you should move a patient on a wheeled ambulance stretcher by:

Select one:

A. pushing the foot of the stretcher while your partner guides the head.

B. pushing the head of the stretcher while your partner guides the foot.

C. retracting the undercarriage and carrying the stretcher to the ambulance.

D. slightly lifting the stretcher to prevent unnecessary patient movement.

B. pushing the head of the stretcher while your partner guides the foot.

The proper technique for using the power grip is to:

Select one:

A. hold the handle with your fingers.

B. rotate your palms down.

C. lift with your palms up.

D. position your hands about 6″ apart.

C. lift with your palms up.

When performing the rapid extrication technique to remove a patient from his or her vehicle, you should:

Select one:

A. grasp the patient by the clothing and drag him or her from the car.

B. apply a cervical collar and remove the patient on a long backboard.

C. apply a cervical collar and immobilize the patient on a short backboard.

D. apply a vest-style extrication device prior to moving the patient.

B. apply a cervical collar and remove the patient on a long backboard.

When pulling a patient, you should extend your arms no more than ________ in front of your torso.

Select one:

A. 10″ to 15″

B. 20″ to 30″

C. 5″ to 10″

D. 15″ to 20″

D. 15″ to 20″

Health care teams that infrequently train and work together:

Select one:

A. need less-explicit verbal direction.

B. are unable to accomplish their tasks.

C. often work better under pressure.

D. can create delays in patient care.

D. can create delays in patient care.

Which of the following is an example of closed-loop communication?

Select one:

A. The team leader assigns the EMT a task, and the EMT repeats the request back to the team leader.

B. The EMT corrects the team leader, who states that chest compressions should be greater than 3 inches deep.

C. The EMT requests permission from medical control to assist a patient with his prescribed nitroglycerin.

D. EMTs decide not to attempt resuscitation because the patient has rigor mortis and is cold to the touch.

A. The team leader assigns the EMT a task, and the EMT repeats the request back to the team leader.

___________ pressure is the pressure exerted by a liquid that occurs when blood moves through an artery at relatively high pressures.

Select one:

A. Oncotic

B. Osmotic

C. Diffusion

D. Hydrostatic

D. Hydrostatic

Activities such as walking, talking, and writing are regulated by the:

Select one:

A. central nervous system.

B. somatic nervous system.

C. involuntary nervous system.

D. autonomic nervous system.

B. somatic nervous system.

An increase in heart rate and contractility occurs due to stimulation of:

Select one:

A. beta-2 receptors.

B. beta-1 receptors.

C. alpha-1 receptors.

D. alpha-2 receptors.

B. beta-1 receptors.

Bile is produced by the liver and concentrated and stored in the:

Select one:

A. pancreas.

B. kidneys.

C. gallbladder.

D. stomach.

C. gallbladder.

Cardiac output (CO) is affected by:

Select one:

A. stroke volume and heart rate.

B. stroke volume only.

C. blood pressure.

D. heart rate only.

A. stroke volume and heart rate.

Deoxygenated blood from the abdomen, pelvis, and lower extremities is returned to the right atrium via the:

Select one:

A. coronary sinus vein.

B. common iliac vein.

C. superior vena cava.

D. inferior vena cava.

D. inferior vena cava.

Hemoglobin is a molecule that attaches to ___________ and carries oxygen.

Select one:

A. thrombocytes

B. erythrocytes

C. monocytes

D. leukocytes

B. erythrocytes

How does respiration differ from ventilation?

Select one:

A. Respiration occurs when the diaphragm and intercostal muscles contract, whereas ventilation occurs when those same muscles relax.

B. Respiration occurs when oxygen is delivered to the cells of the body, whereas ventilation occurs when carbon dioxide is removed.

C. Ventilation occurs when air is forced into the lungs, whereas respiration occurs when air is drawn or sucked into the lungs.

D. Respiration is the process of gas exchange, whereas ventilation is the movement of air between the lungs and the environment.

D. Respiration is the process of gas exchange, whereas ventilation is the movement of air between the lungs and the environment.

Relative to an adult's airway anatomy, the child's:

Select one:

A. tongue takes up less space in the pharynx.

B. mouth and nose are proportionately larger.

C. trachea is smaller, softer, and less flexible.

D. pharynx is smaller and less deeply curved.

D. pharynx is smaller and less deeply curved.

Signs of adequate breathing in the adult include all of the following, except:

Select one:

A. respirations of 18 breaths/min.

B. rhythmic inhalation and exhalation.

C. bilaterally clear breath sounds.

D. a reduction in tidal volume.

D. a reduction in tidal volume.

Stimulation of alpha-adrenergic receptors results in:

Select one:

A. dilation of the blood vessels.

B. increased cardiac contractility.

C. constriction of the blood vessels.

D. increased heart rate.

C. constriction of the blood vessels.

The autonomic nervous system controls all of the following functions, except:

Select one:

A. digestion.

B. breath holding.

C. breathing.

D. vessel dilation.

B. breath holding.

The brain connects to the spinal cord through a large opening at the base of the skull called the:

Select one:

A. foramen magnum.

B. foramen ovale.

C. vertebral foramen.

D. spinous foramen.

A. foramen magnum.

The leaf-shaped flap of cartilage that prevents food and liquid from entering the trachea during swallowing is called the:

Select one:

A. vallecula.

B. epiglottis.

C. uvula.

D. pharynx.

B. epiglottis.

The phase of the cardiac cycle in which the ventricles fill with blood is called:

Select one:

A. stroke volume.

B. cardiac output.

C. diastole.

D. systole.

C. diastole.

The waste products of aerobic metabolism include:

Select one:

A. uric acid and nitrogen.

B. glucose and lactic acid.

C. ATP and glucose.

D. carbon dioxide and water.

D. carbon dioxide and water.

What is the function of platelets?

Select one:

A. Initial formation of a blood clot

B. Transport of oxygen and nutrients

C. Transport of cellular waste materials

D. Defense against invading organisms

A. Initial formation of a blood clot

Which of the following is most characteristic of adequate breathing in an adult?

Select one:

A. Cool, clammy skin and retractions above the clavicles

B. Respirations of 20 breaths/min and bilateral chest movement

C. Use of the accessory muscles in the neck and cyanosis

D. Respirations of 30 breaths/min and reduced tidal volume

B. Respirations of 20 breaths/min and bilateral chest movement

Which of the following signs of respiratory distress is typically unique to infants and children?

Select one:

A. Unequal breath sounds

B. Irregular breathing pattern

C. Seesaw respirations

D. Unequal chest expansion

C. Seesaw respirations

Which of the following skin layers contains sweat and oil glands, hair follicles, blood vessels, and nerve endings?

Select one:

A. Dermis

B. Subcutaneous

C. Sebaceous

D. Epidermis

A. Dermis

Worn-out blood cells, foreign substances, and bacteria are filtered from the blood by the:

Select one:

A. liver.

B. spleen.

C. kidney.

D. pancreas.

B. spleen.

You are dispatched to an apartment complex to respond to a shooting. Law enforcement personnel are present and have the suspect in custody. You find the patient lying in a narrow space between the couch and coffee table of his small apartment. He is semiconscious and has a large gunshot wound to his chest. You should:

Select one:

A. drag the patient into a larger area so that you can begin treatment.

B. obtain permission from law enforcement before moving anything.

C. treat the patient where he is so that you do not destroy any evidence.

D. quickly move the coffee table so you can access and treat the patient.

D. quickly move the coffee table so you can access and treat the patient.

Which organ lies in the lateral and posterior portion of the left upper quadrant of the abdomen?

Select one:

A. Spleen

B. Stomach

C. Liver

D. Cecum

A. Spleen

The major artery that supplies all other arteries with blood is the:

Select one:

A. carotid.

B. brachial.

C. femoral.

D. aorta.

D. aorta.

You and your partner enter the residence of an elderly couple, both of whom are found unconscious in their bed. There is no evidence of trauma. As you begin your assessment, you and your partner notice the smell of natural gas in the residence. Which of the following should be your most appropriate action?

Select one:

A. Rapidly remove the patients from their residence using a blanket or clothes drag.

B. Perform a rapid assessment and then move the patients from their residence.

C. Request another ambulance to assist with lifting and moving the patients.

D. Quickly exit the residence and request the fire department to move the patients.

A. Rapidly remove the patients from their residence using a blanket or clothes drag.

Why are prehospital emergency care guidelines updated on a regular basis?

Select one:

A. EMS providers should be encouraged to actively participate in research and become familiar with data analysis.

B. The federal government requires the implementation of changes to existing emergency care protocols at least every five years.

C. Additional information and evidence indicate that the effectiveness of certain interventions has changed.

D. Statistical data indicate that an increasing number of people are being diagnosed with a particular illness.

C. Additional information and evidence indicate that the effectiveness of certain interventions has changed.

All of the following are considered to be protected health information (PHI), except:

Select one:

A. patient history.

B. treatment rendered.

C. assessment findings.

D. location of the call.

D. location of the call.

During your assessment of a patient with a chest injury, you note that only one side of his chest moves when he breathes. How should you describe his chest movement?

Select one:

A. Paradoxical

B. Medial

C. Bidirectional

D. Unilateral

D. Unilateral

Mean arterial pressure (MAP) is a product of:

Select one:

A. stroke volume and systemic vascular resistance.

B. heart rate and systemic vascular resistance.

C. heart rate and stroke volume.

D. cardiac output and systemic vascular resistance.

D. cardiac output and systemic vascular resistance.

While transporting a stable patient with chest pain to the hospital, you come across a major motor vehicle crash involving several critically injured patients. You should:

Select one:

A. remain at the scene until law enforcement and another ambulance arrive.

B. continue transporting your patient and notify the dispatcher of the crash.

C. ask a bystander to remain with your patient as you treat the crash victims.

D. stop and triage the patients while your partner remains in the ambulance.

B. continue transporting your patient and notify the dispatcher of the crash.

After assuming care of a cardiac arrest patient from an EMT, the paramedic should remember that:

Select one:

A. ALS interventions are fundamentally more critical than BLS interventions.

B. BLS efforts must continue throughout the patient care continuum.

C. the BLS care provided by the EMT is the "first steps" of ALS care.

D. ALS interventions are the core interventions around which BLS care is provided.

B. BLS efforts must continue throughout the patient care continuum.

Your EMS system uses a computerized PCR in which you fill in the information electronically and then send it to the emergency department via a secure Internet server. The PCR has a comprehensive series of drop-down boxes, which are used to identify your assessment findings and specify the treatment that you provided; it also has a section for your narrative. When completing your PCR after a call, you should:

Select one:

A. avoid documenting personally identifiable information, such as the patient's name, because the PCR could be intercepted during transmission.

B. complete a thorough and accurate narrative because drop-down boxes cannot provide all of the information that needs to be documented.

C. enter all of the pertinent information of the electronic PCR, but then print it out and provide a copy to the emergency department staff.

D. defer the narrative only if the information in the drop-down boxes accurately reflects the assessment and treatment that you performed.

B. complete a thorough and accurate narrative because drop-down boxes cannot provide all of the information that needs to be documented.

A critical aspect of the rapid extrication technique is to:

Select one:

A. extricate the patient with one coordinated move.

B. apply a vest-style device before moving the patient.

C. maintain stabilization of the spine at all times.

D. move the patient as quickly as you possibly can.

C. maintain stabilization of the spine at all times.

Breathing occurs as the result of a(n):

Select one:

A. decrease in oxygen, which increases the pH of the cerebrospinal fluid.

B. increase in oxygen, which decreases the pH of the cerebrospinal fluid.

C. decrease in carbon dioxide, which increases the pH of the cerebrospinal fluid.

D. increase in carbon dioxide, which decreases the pH of the cerebrospinal fluid.

D. increase in carbon dioxide, which decreases the pH of the cerebrospinal fluid.

Which of the following describes the Moro reflex?

Select one:

A. The neonate opens his or her arms wide, spreads his or her fingers, and seems to grasp at something after being startled.

B. When something touches a neonate's cheek, he or she instinctively turns his or her head toward the touch.

C. An infant's heart rate decreases secondary to hypoxia because he or she depends heavily on the heart rate to perfuse the body.

D. When the sole of the foot is stroked with a blunt object, the big toe lifts upward and the other toes fan outward.

A. The neonate opens his or her arms wide, spreads his or her fingers, and seems to grasp at something after being startled.

Shortly after you load your patient, a 50-year-old man with abdominal pain, into the ambulance, he tells you that he changed his mind and does not want to go to the hospital. The patient is conscious and alert and has no signs of mental incapacitation. You are suspicious that the man has a significant underlying condition and feel strongly that he should go to the hospital. Which of the following statements regarding this situation is correct?

Select one:

A. Once the patient is in the ambulance, he cannot legally refuse EMS treatment.

B. Any patient who refuses EMS treatment must legally sign a patient refusal form.

C. Because of your suspicions, the best approach is to transport him to the hospital.

D. A mentally competent adult can withdraw his or her consent to treat at any time.

D. A mentally competent adult can withdraw his or her consent to treat at any time.

According to Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) regulations, an employer must:

Select one:

A. screen all prospective employees for bloodborne pathogens.

B. offer a workplace environment that reduces the risk of exposure.

C. provide gloves and other personal protective equipment to full-time paid employees only.

D. guarantee a 100% risk-free environment prior to employment.

B. offer a workplace environment that reduces the risk of exposure.

You suspect that a 75-year-old man has internal injuries after he fell and struck his ribs and abdomen on the corner of a table. When assessing and treating an injured patient of this age, you must recall that:

Select one:

A. blood pressure is usually adequately maintained because the blood vessels of older people can contract easily.

B. it is not uncommon to observe heart rates in excess of 150 beats/min in elderly patients with internal injuries.

C. functional blood volume in patients of this age steadily increases due to increased production of red blood cells.

D. his ability to physiologically compensate for his injury might be impaired due to an inability to increase cardiac output.

D. his ability to physiologically compensate for his injury might be impaired due to an inability to increase cardiac output.

Where would you most likely find information regarding a patient's wishes to be an organ donor?

Select one:

A. Social Security card

B. Driver's license

C. Voter registration card

D. Insurance card

B. Driver's license

Which of the following is an effective stress management strategy?

Select one:

A. Modestly increasing caffeine consumption

B. Frequently reflecting on troublesome calls

C. Requesting overtime to occupy your mind

D. Developing a social network outside of EMS

D. Developing a social network outside of EMS

You are transporting a 40-year-old male with respiratory distress. The patient tells you that he recently had a positive tuberculosis (TB) skin test and is currently being evaluated for possible TB. You should:

Select one:

A. apply a nonrebreathing mask on the patient and a high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) respirator on yourself.

B. apply a nasal cannula on the patient and a sterile surgical mask on yourself.

C. apply a sterile surgical mask on yourself and a HEPA respirator on the patient.

D. remain at least three feet away from the patient and apply a surgical mask on him.

A. apply a nonrebreathing mask on the patient and a high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) respirator on yourself.

Anterior to the knee is a specialized bone called the:

Select one:

A. tibia.

B. femur.

C. patella.

D. calcaneus.

C. patella.

A person's bones will become brittle if he or she is deficient in:

Select one:

A. magnesium.

B. sodium.

C. potassium.

D. calcium.

D. calcium.

Bleeding is normally stopped by:

Select one:

A. capillary rupture.

B. activation of platelets.

C. arterial dilation.

D. increased white blood cells.

B. activation of platelets.

A 56-year-old female is found supine in a narrow hallway of her mobile home. She complains of severe weakness and dizziness, and states that she is unable to walk. There is no evidence of trauma, and the patient states that she did not fall. How should you and your partner move this patient to a more spacious area?

Select one:

A. Extremity lift

B. Direct carry

C. Scoop stretcher

D. Emergency move

A. Extremity lift

The ___________ plane separates the body into equal left and right halves.

Select one:

A. coronal

B. sagittal

C. midsagittal

D. transverse

C. midsagittal

Which of the following would the paramedic be LEAST likely to ask the EMT to do?

Select one:

A. Assess blood glucose

B. Obtain vital signs

C. Intubate a patient

D. Apply a tourniquet

C. Intubate a patient

To avoid injury when pushing a patient or other object, you should:

Select one:

A. avoid pushing the patient with your elbows fully extended.

B. kneel if you are pushing an object that is above waist level.

C. push the patient from an overhead position if possible.

D. push from the area of your body between the knees and hips.

A. avoid pushing the patient with your elbows fully extended.

Which of the following statements regarding the neonatal isolette is correct?

Select one:

A. A freestanding isolette should be used, not one that is secured to the stretcher.

B. The safest type of isolette is one that takes the place of the ambulance stretcher.

C. If an isolette is not available, the neonate can safely be transported on the stretcher.

D. The isolette serves to keep the neonate warm and protects him or her from excess handling.

D. The isolette serves to keep the neonate warm and protects him or her from excess handling.

In which of the following situations does a legal duty to act clearly exist?

Select one:

A. The EMT hears of a cardiac arrest after his or her shift ends.

B. The EMT witnesses a vehicle crash while off duty.

C. A bystander encounters a victim who is not breathing.

D. A call is received 15 minutes prior to shift change.

D. A call is received 15 minutes prior to shift change.

A woman amputated the tip of her finger. Which directional term should be used to describe her injury location?

Select one:

A. Lateral

B. Distal

C. Superior

D. Medial

B. Distal

When communicating information over the radio, you should:

Select one:

A. limit any single transmission to 60 seconds or less and use 10 codes.

B. use the words "affirmative" and "negative" instead of "yes" or "no."

C. respond professionally by saying "please" and "thank you."

D. use the patient's name only when communicating with the hospital.

B. use the words "affirmative" and "negative" instead of "yes" or "no."

The diaphragm and intercostal muscles contract during:

Select one:

A. respiration.

B. inhalation.

C. exhalation.

D. ventilation.

B. inhalation.

Both areas of the pons are used to:

Select one:

A. provide forced inspiration or expiration as needed.

B. augment respirations during emotional or physical stress.

C. set the base rate and depth of breathing in a healthy person.

D. ensure that the lungs do not overinflate during breathing.

B. augment respirations during emotional or physical stress.

The amount of air that remains in the lungs simply to keep them open is called the:

Select one:

A. tidal volume.

B. residual volume.

C. inspiratory reserve volume.

D. expiratory reserve volume.

B. residual volume.

The autonomic nervous system controls all of the following functions, except:

Select one:

A. digestion.

B. breathing.

C. vessel dilation.

D. breath holding.

D. breath holding.

The vocal cords are located in the:

Select one:

A. nasopharynx.

B. pharynx.

C. larynx.

D. oropharynx.

C. larynx.

In the recovery position, the patient is:

Select one:

A. lying face down.

B. lying face up.

C. sitting upright.

D. on his or her side.

D. on his or her side.

Which of the following scenarios most accurately depicts a posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) reaction?

Select one:

A. An EMT is emotionally exhausted and depressed after a school bus crash involving critical injuries and the death of several children.

B. An EMT becomes distracted at the scene of a motor vehicle crash involving the same type of car in which a child was previously killed.

C. An EMT with many years of field experience becomes irritable with her coworkers and experiences headaches and insomnia.

D. A newly certified EMT becomes extremely nauseated and diaphoretic at the scene of an incident involving grotesque injuries.

B. An EMT becomes distracted at the scene of a motor vehicle crash involving the same type of car in which a child was previously killed.

The hepatitis B vaccine program, a component of the infection control plan, addresses all of the following issues, except:

Select one:

A. postvaccine antibody titers.

B. family history of hepatitis.

C. record keeping and tracking.

D. vaccine safety and efficacy.

B. family history of hepatitis.

The firm cartilaginous ring that forms the inferior portion of the larynx is called the:

Select one:

A. cricoid cartilage.

B. tracheal cartilage.

C. thyroid cartilage.

D. costal cartilage.

A. cricoid cartilage.

With increasing age, the heart must work harder to move the blood effectively because:

Select one:

A. the arteries dilate significantly.

B. the blood thickens as a person ages.

C. the blood vessels become stiff.

D. diastolic blood pressure decreases.

C. the blood vessels become stiff.

A patient lacerated the dorsal aspect of his hand. This means that the injury is:

Select one:

A. proximal to the fingers.

B. closer to the wrist.

C. on the side of the hand.

D. on the back of the hand.

D. on the back of the hand.

Which of the following steps is not proper procedure when performing an emergency move?

Select one:

A. Lifting the patient by the belt to move him or her

B. Pulling the patient's clothing in the shoulder area

C. Pulling the patient on a blanket or similar object

D. Using a long-axis body drag during the move

A. Lifting the patient by the belt to move him or her

Which of the following skills would a layperson most likely be trained to perform before the arrival of EMS?

Select one:

A. Administration of supplemental oxygen

B. Bleeding control using a tourniquet

C. Obtaining a manual blood pressure

D. Insertion of an oropharyngeal airway

B. Bleeding control using a tourniquet

A 31-year-old female is experiencing an acute asthma attack. She is conscious and alert, but in obvious respiratory distress. After assisting her with her prescribed MDI, you should:

Select one:

A. reassess the patient and document her response to the medication.

B. administer another treatment in 30 seconds if she is still in distress.

C. contact medical control and apprise him or her of what you did.

D. check the drug's expiration date to ensure that it is still current.

A. reassess the patient and document her response to the medication.

A 62-year-old male is seen with crushing chest pain, which he describes as being the same kind of pain that he had with a previous heart attack. He has prescribed nitroglycerin but states that he has not taken any. After administering supplemental oxygen, if needed, and contacting medical control, you should:

Select one:

A. assist him with his nitroglycerin unless his systolic blood pressure is less than 100 mm Hg.

B. administer the nitroglycerin unless he has taken Viagra within the past 72 hours.

C. begin immediate transport and request a rendezvous with a paramedic unit.

D. administer up to three doses of nitroglycerin before assessing his blood pressure.

A. assist him with his nitroglycerin unless his systolic blood pressure is less than 100 mm Hg.

Advil, Nuprin, and Motrin are trade (brand) names for the generic medication:

Select one:

A. ibuprofen.

B. nitrostat.

C. acetaminophen.

D. aspirin.

A. ibuprofen.

EMTs respond to a known heroin abuser who is unresponsive. If they give naloxone (Narcan) to this patient, the EMTs should recall that:

Select one:

A. naloxone should be administered in increments of 2 mg.

B. naloxone administration could cause seizures in this patient.

C. the effects of naloxone last longer than most opioid drugs.

D. naloxone should not be given if the patient's breathing is slow.

B. naloxone administration could cause seizures in this patient.

Shortly after assisting a 65-year-old female with her prescribed nitroglycerin, she begins complaining of dizziness and experiences a drop of 30 mm Hg in her systolic blood pressure. The patient remains conscious and her breathing is adequate. You should:

Select one:

A. transport her in a sitting position.

B. place her in a supine position.

C. assist ventilations with a bag-valve mask.

D. wait 5 minutes and reassess her blood pressure.

B. place her in a supine position.

Subcutaneous injections deliver the medication:

Select one:

A. below the first layer of muscle.

B. between the skin and the muscle.

C. directly into the muscle tissue.

D. through the mucosa under the tongue.

B. between the skin and the muscle.