module 5 Islam in Moro History

This set of vocabulary flashcards covers the core tenets, the five pillars, specific religious terminology, and the historical arrival and key figures of Islam in the Philippines according to the lecture notes.

Islam

Literally meaning "absolute surrender/submission to the Will of God/Allah," it is etymologically derived from the word "Salam," which means "peace."

Muslim

A person who absolutely surrenders to the Will of God/Allah.

Jesus Christ (Isah)

Believed by Muslims to be a Prophet of Allah and the recipient of the Injeel (Gospel), though he is not considered God or the son of God.

Shahada

The Profession of Faith and the first pillar of Islam, consisting of the declaration: "I bear witness that there is only One God and Muhammad is a messenger of God."

Tawheed

The concept of Islamic monotheism revolving around the absolute "Oneness of God" and the idea of not associating partners with God.

Salah

The five obligatory daily prayers that serve as a manifestation of a Muslim’s submission to the will of God.

Rak’ah

A set of reciting supplications, bowing, and prostrations that compose each prayer.

Salat ul Fajr

The Dawn Prayer, which is one of the five obligatory daily prayers.

Salat ul Zuhur

The Noon Prayer, which is one of the five obligatory daily prayers.

Salat ul Asr

The Afternoon Prayer, which is one of the five obligatory daily prayers.

Salat ul Maghrib

The Sunset Prayer, which is one of the five obligatory daily prayers.

Salat ul Aisha

The Evening Prayer, which is one of the five obligatory daily prayers.

Qibla

The direction where the Kaaba is located, which Muslims face during prayer; in the Philippines, this is accepted as facing west.

Wudu

Ritual ablution involving washing the hands, mouth, nostrils, face, arms, head, ears, and feet to reach a physically and mentally purified state for prayer.

Aurah

Parts of the body that should be covered in public or during prayer; for males, from the navel to the knees, and for females, the head, ears, neck, and elbow down to the ankle.

Zakat

Compulsory alms-giving to the poor and destitute, usually calculated as $\frac{1}{40}$ or approximately $2.5\%$ of a person’s annual income.

As-siyam

Fasting during the month of Ramadan required for all Muslims who have reached puberty, except for those with specific health or situational exemptions.

Hajj

The pilgrimage to the Holy land of Mecca in Saudi Arabia, which is required once in a lifetime for those who are physically and financially able.

Jihad

Literally meaning "struggle," it can refer to mental and internal self-struggle or physical defensive action.

Jihad ul Asgar

Known as the "Lesser Jihad," it refers to physical, defensive war waged in times of oppression, persecution, or violent attack.

Jihad ul Akbar

Known as the "Greater Jihad," it is the holy war against the self and one’s own base appetites, temptations, and trials.

Polygyny

A type of polygamy where a man marries more than one woman at the same time; permitted in Islam up to a maximum of four wives under the condition of equal treatment.

Kumbong

The local name for the veil worn by Muslim women in public as a form of modesty in dressing.

Missionary Theory

A theory suggesting that Islam reached the Philippines through missionaries who were motivated by a proselytizing zeal.

Trade Theory

A theory suggesting that Muslim traders were the ones who introduced Islam in the Philippine islands.

Tarsila (Salsila)

Written genealogies used to record the arrival of Islam and the lineage of leaders in regions like Sulu and Maguindanao.

Tuan Mashai’ka

A foreigner mentioned in Sulu tarsilas as the person who brought Islam to Sulu and raised his children as Muslims.

Karim ul Makhdum

A Sufi missionary credited in oral traditions for reinforcing the Islamic faith already present in Sulu and winning new adherents.

Rajah Baguinda

A Muslim leader from Sumatra who arrived in Jolo around the late $14^{\text{th}}$ or early $15^{\text{th}}$ century and consolidated political power in Sulu.

Sayyid Abu Bakr

Also known as Sultan Sharief ul Hashim, he was the first Sultan of Sulu and shaped Sulu institutions along Islamic lines.

Sharief Muhammad Kabungsuan

The pioneer credited with introducing Islam to mainland Mindanao and laying the foundation of the Maguindanao Sultanate.

Sultan Qudarat

The great-great-grandson of Sharief Kabungsuan and the first person known in the Maguindanao Tarsila as "Sultan."

Sharief Alawi

The individual credited by Maranaos for introducing Islam to the Lake Lanao region after arriving at the mouth of the Tagoloan River.