Chatper 5: Bio 1

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What is a polymer?

A large, complex molecule made by linking together many smaller, repeating molecular units called monomers.

What are the chemical reactions that are used to make and break biological polymers?

Dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis.

What is dehydration synthesis?

A reaction that joins monomers by removing water, forming a polymer.

What is hydrolysis?

A reaction that breaks down polymers into monomers by adding water.

Which of the four classes of biological

molecules form polymers?

Proteins, carbohydrates, nucleic acids, and lipids.

Which of the four are macromolecules?

All proteins, carbohydrates, nucleic acids, and lipids are macromolecules.

How do polymers fit into our basic biological functioning?

Serve as structural components, energy sources, and as the basis for genetic information in organisms.

What are the four different roles carbohydrates play in organisms?

They serve as energy sources, structural components, cell recognition molecules, and metabolic intermediates in organisms.

What is the shape of the carbon

backbone for monosaccharide?

Linear or cyclic.

What functional groups are found in monosaccharides?

Hydroxyl and Carbonyl.

What is a triose?

smallest and simplest type of monosaccharide with three carbon atoms.

What is a pentose?

a simple monosaccharide that contains exactly five carbon atoms.

What is a hexose?

a simple monosaccharide that contains exactly six carbon atoms.

What type of structure do biological

monosaccharides typically have in cells?

Cyclic (ring-shaped) structures.

In what ways can how monosaccharides can differ leading to different isomers?

The number of carbons, the placement of the carbonyl group, and the spatial orientation of atoms.

What is a-glucose?

The -OH group points downward below the plane of the ring.

What is B-glucose?

The -OH group points upward above the plane of the ring.