Final Sociology Exam

Describe sociology

Systematic study of human society and social interactions

What is the sociological concept of socialization

The lifelong process of social interaction through which individuals acquire a self-identity and the physical, mental, and social skills needed for survival in society.

When we are being watched, we tend to be on our best behavior. This is called _.

Hawthorne effect

Which sociological concept refers to the process where a cultural item, practice, or technology spreads from one society to another?

Cultural diffusion

What concept, coined by Charles Horton Cooley, describes the process where a person’s sense of self is developed through imagining how they are perceived by others?

looking-glass self

What concept describes the situation where the expectations associated with two or more different statuses held by the same person clash?

Role conflict

What concept describes the phenomenon where a group’s desire for harmony or conformity results in a dysfunctional, illogical, or well-though-out decision-making outcome?

Group Think

According to Max Weber’s multidimensional theory of stratification, what are the three key components that determine a person’s position in the social hierarchy?

Wealth, Prestige, and Power

Which sociological theory suggests that global stratification is a result of the historical exploitation or poor nations by wealthy ones?

Dependency Theory

According to sociologists, race is best understood as a(n):

a social construction

Sex is a _ classification based on physical and anatomical differences, while gender is a _ construction based on cultural expectations.

Biological; Social

The practice of marrying within one’s own social group, class, or ethnicity is known as:

Endogamy

which sociological theory argues that the education system reproduces social class inequalities by transmitting the values of the dominant class to the next generation?

Conflict Theory

According to Conflict Theory, why is it that the wealthy and powerful members of society are more likely to define what is considered deviant?

Laws, social norms, and media

Similarities and differences between the three sociological perspectives (essay question)

• Functionalist Perspective: Views society as a stable, orderly system.

• Conflict Perspective: Sees social life as a competition, and focuses on the distribution of resources, power, and inequality.

• Symbolic Interactionist Perspective: The sociological approach that views society as the sum of the interactions of individuals and groups.