Proteins

what are amino acids

monomers from which proteins are made

draw general structure of amino acid

how’s a dipeptide formed

via condensation reaction between 2 amino acids forming a peptide bond

how are polypeptides formed

by condensation of many amino acids

whats the primary structure of a protein

order/sequence of the amino acids in a polypeptide chain

held by peptide bonds

whats the secondary structure of a protein

folding of sequence of amino acids that causes protein molecule to bend into alpha helix shape or beta pleated sheet

hydrogen bonds hold this secondary structure together

where are the hydrogen bonds form in the secondary structure

between C=O groups of carboxyl group of one amino acid

and the H in the amino NH2 group of another amino acid

whats the tertiary structure of a protein

further folding of the secondary structure

to form unique 3D shape

held in place by ionic, hydrogen and disulphide bonds

where do the ionic and disulphide bonds in a tertiary structure of a protein form

between R groups of different amino acids

whats the quartenary structure of a protein

a protein made up of more than one polypeptide chain

whats the importance of the primary structure

if one amino acid in the sequence is different

then it will cause the ionic/hydrogen/disulfide bonds to form in a different location

results in a different 3D shape

whats the impact of a change in amino acid sequence on enzymes

enzymes will have a different shaped active site

thus will be non functioning

whats the impact of a change in the amino acid sequence on carrier proteins

will have a different shaped binding site

so molecules will no longer be complimentary

and cannot be transported across membranes

whats the test for proteins

1. add biuret

2. positive test for protein = solution turns blue to purple