packet study guide anatomy

a muscle is composed of many muscle fibers arranged in bundles called______

fascicles

types of muscle tissue

skeletal, cardiac, smooth

fibers are found within muscle cells called_______

myocytes

individual muscles are separated by fascia, which also forms______

tendons

outermost layer, surrounds entire muscle

epimysium

separated and surrounds the fascicles (bundles)

perimysium

surrounds each individual muscle fiber

endomysium

muscle fiber membrane

sarcolemma

inner material surrounding fibers (like cytoplasm)

sarcoplasm

transport

sarcoplasmic reticulum

parallel muscle fibers within sarcoplasm

myofibrils

thick filaments

myosin

thin filaments

actin

muscle hierarchy

muscles fascicles myofibrils myofilaments

nerve and muscle fiber come together

neuromuscular junction

muscle and nerve communicate

motor end plate

gap between neuron and motor end plate

synapse

where neurotransmitters are stored

synaptic vesicles

the neurotransmitter that closes the gap

acetylcholine

acetylcholine is broken down by

cholinesterase

muscles enlarge

hypertrophy

muscle shrink

atrophy

involuntary (muscle tissues)

cardiac, smooth

banded appearance

cardiac, skeletal

dense connective tissue packaging

skeletal

coordinated activity to act as a pump

cardiac

moves bones and the facial skin

skeletal

referred to as the muscular system

skeletal

a continuous contraction that shows no evidence of relaxation

fused tetanus

a contraction in which the muscle shortens and work is done

isotonic contraction

to accomplish a strong contraction____are stimulated at a rapid rate

many motor units

when a weak but smooth muscle contraction is desired____are stimulated at a rapid rate

few motor units

oxygen deficit cant respond

fatigue

musle does not shorten but tension increases

isometric contraction

pointing the toes and foot downward

plantar flexion

pulling foot towards the shin

dorsiflexion

circular movement of a limb

circumduction

movement of a limb toward midline

adduction

decreases an angle

flexion

increases an angle

extension

spinning around axis

rotation

when a foot lands

pronation

moves limbs away from midline

abduction

oppose the action of a prime mover

antagonists

stabilizes origin of agonist

fixator

primary muscle responsible for movement

prime mover

work together with prime movers

synergists