BIO 190 Lab Quiz #4 *Cell Structure and Function*

solute

what is being dissolved

solvent

what is doing the dissolving

solution

a liquid mixture of a solute and solvent

diffusion

solute moves from high to low concentration

osmosis

movement of water across a semi permeable membrane from low to high solute concentration

what does the dialysis tubing act as

a semi permeable membrane with tiny holes to let very small molecules to pass through

human neuron (nerve) cell

human skeletal cell

what is the elodea

common aquatic plant that lives in fresh water.

how do you make a wet mount

1. clean microscope slide

2. one drop of specimen

3. place a coverslip slowly at 45 degree angle

4. remove excess liquid with paper towel

coccus bacteria

bacillus bacteria

Spirilum bacteria

hypertonic

solution that has a higher solute concentration compared to another solution

hypotonic

solution that has a lower solute concentration compared to another solution

isotonic

2 solutions at equilibrium (same concentration)

how does water move..

from hypotonic to hypertonic

what organelles are responsible for changes in Elodea cells when places in water

the central vacuole plays the most crucial role in the changes observed in Elodea cells when placed in water due to its role in maintaining turgor pressure through osmosis

diffusion vs osmosis

diffusion- substances spread out homogenously

osmosis- diffusion of water

both move from high to low concentration

prokaryotic vs eukaryotic cells

Eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bound organelles, such as the nucleus, while prokaryotic cells do not. Differences in cellular structure of prokaryotes and eukaryotes include the presence of mitochondria and chloroplasts, the cell wall, and the structure of chromosomal DNA.

cheek cell

epithelial cell

anabaena cell

elodea cell

plant vs animal cell

both types have: cell membrane, nucleus, ribosomes, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticula, golgi bodies & lysosomes. plants cells have: cell wall and chloroplasts & vacuole.

tonicity

the ability of a surrounding solution to cause a cell to gain or lose water

tonicity in plant cells

Hypotonic: Vacuole expands (stores more water); turgor pressure

Hypertonic: Vacole shrinks (releases more water); plasmolysis

tonicity in animal cells

Hypotonic solution: Water enters the cell, which can cause it to swell and potentially burst (lysis) because animal cells lack a cell wall.

Isotonic solution: Water moves in and out equally; the cell stays normal and stable.

Hypertonic solution: Water leaves the cell, causing it to shrink or crenate (shrivel

selectively permeable barrier

some substances cross others do not

transport proteins

A transmembrane protein that helps a certain substance or class of closely related substances to cross the membrane.

what type of transport is diffusion

passive, it does not require energy

osmosis

movement of water the solvent down its concentration gradient across a selectively permeable membrane

what is the rate of which molecules move down their gradient dependent on

the size of the concentration gradient

tonicity

describes one solutions solute concentration compared to another

cell

smallest unit sustaining life

plasma membrane

outer membrane of the cell

all cells store genetic info in the form of ...

DNA

everything in the plasma membrane that is not DNA or nucleus is ...

cytosol

what are examples of eukaryotic cells

animals, plants, fungi, protists

what are the larger membrane bound organelles only found in eukaryotes

mitochondria and chloroplast

describe DNA in prokaryotes vs eukaryotes

prokaryotes- one single circular dna molecule not in the nucleus

eukaryotes- more than one linear molecule of DNA enclosed in a nucleus

chromosomes

dense protein DNA complexes

cell reproduction takes place by

mitosis

what is the cell wall and when is it present

present in plants and is made of cellulose

function of ribosomes

site of protein synthesis

function of microtubules

shape the cell, guide movement of organelles, help separate the chromosome copies in dividing cells.

cell wall

surrounds the cell for structural and mechanical suppourt

vacuole

storage for waste, water, nutrients

chloroplast

responsible for photosynthesis

rough ER

synthesize proteins

smooth er

synthesizes lipids and steroids

golgi body

responsible for protein packing and sorting

cytosol

site of chemical reactions

study image that labels the lab model