PE paper 2

Hinge Joint

A joint that allows movement in one direction like a door hinge, examples include the knees, elbows, and ankles.

Ball and Socket Joint

A joint where a rounded bone fits into a cup-like socket, allowing movement in multiple directions, examples include the hip and shoulder joints.

Long Bones

Cylinder-like shaped bones that are longer than they are wide; they provide movement and support, examples include the femur and humerus.

Short Bones

Cube-like bones that provide stability and support while allowing some motion, examples include the carpals and tarsals.

Flat Bones

Thin and curved bones that serve as points of attachment for muscles and protect vital organs, examples include the sternum and cranium.

Joint

The point where two or more bones meet.

Immovable Joint

A type of joint that does not allow movement, such as the cranium.

Slightly Movable Joint

A type of joint that allows limited movement, such as the vertebral column.

Freely Movable or Synovial Joint

Joints that allow the greatest movement, examples include the knees, shoulders, and hips.

Synovial Membrane

Lines the capsule of a joint and produces synovial fluid.

Synovial Fluid

Lubricates the joint to allow for free movement.

Joint Capsule

A tough fiber structure that surrounds the joint and holds synovial fluid in place.

Bursae

Fluid-filled sacs that reduce friction in a joint.

Cartilage

Covers the ends of bones to provide a smooth surface and absorbs shock.

Ligaments

Tissues that join bone to bone and stabilize joints.

Tendon

Tissues that join muscle to bone.