Conservative dominance

Who became Prime Minister after Salisbury resigned in 1902 due to ill health?

A.J. Balfour became Prime Minister after Salisbury.

What was A.J. Balfour's nickname and why was he called that?

'Bloody Balfour' due to his cold aristocratic demeanor and disconnect with ordinary people.

What was Balfour's belief regarding democracy?

He believed in democracy as long as the masses voted for upper classes.

What decisions made the Conservatives unpopular during Balfour's leadership?

Lack of social reform and indecision on tariff reform.

What was the consequence of Balfour's indecision regarding tariff reform in 1903?

It split the Conservatives and eventually led to Balfour's resignation.

Which political party took over in 1906 following the Conservatives' decline?

The Liberals took over in 1906.

What was Salisbury's approach to social reform?

Traditional reforms that were arguably limited but more directed than the Liberals' reforms.

Who was convinced of the need to win working class votes and argued for reforms in housing and education?

Randolph Churchill.

What stance did Randolph Churchill and Joseph Chamberlain share regarding state intervention?

They argued for reforms while maintaining minimal state intervention.

What issue did the Liberals become a one-issue party on?

Home Rule.

What concept did Tories manipulate to justify reforms?

One Nation Conservatism.

What reforms were introduced to housing in 1890?

All new houses were to have running water and a lavatory.

What legislation was introduced to safeguard children in terms of employment?

Children were banned from working under age 11.

What limit was placed on women's working hours?

Women were banned from working over 12 hours a day.

Boer War

A conflict from 1899 to 1902 in South Africa, where Britain fought against the Boer republics of the Transvaal and the Orange Free State.

Salisbury

The British Prime Minister during the Boer War, known for sending troops to South Africa.

'Killing with Kindness' policy

A policy implemented by Arthur Balfour allowing Irish tenants to purchase their own land without requiring Home Rule.

Home Rule

A political movement advocating for self-governing powers for Ireland, which became a contentious issue.

Khaki Election

The 1900 election in Britain, called the 'Khaki Election' due to the popularity of military success during the Boer War, resulting in significant electoral support for the Conservatives and Liberal Unionists.

Transvaal

One of the Boer republics in South Africa that was a major point of conflict during the Boer War.

What contributed to the start of 'Conservative Ascendancy' during 1886-1905?

Divisions in the Liberal Party, particularly the Liberal Unionists splitting off to support Conservatives.

What effect did middle-class support have on the Conservative Party during this period?

The middle-class vote gradually moved towards Conservatives, who were seen as resisting too much change.

Who was Middleton and what was his role in the Conservative Party during this time?

Middleton was a spin doctor who decided the timing of elections, increased constituency agents, and introduced Conservative clubs.

What was the 'Khaki Election' of October 1900?

An election called by Middleton while public mood was high due to the Boer War, leveraging imperial sentiment.

How did Conservatives benefit from imperialism during this period?

They promoted the 'Age of Imperialism,' which brought popularity and enthusiasm, in contrast to the Liberals who had no consensus.