INT 101 Exam #2

What does Wilson’s idea of self‑determination mean?

The belief that national groups should have the right to choose their own political future. Applied unevenly in 1919 — Europeans benefited, but colonized peoples were denied the same right, fueling later anti‑colonial movements.

How does genocide differ from ethnic cleansing under international law?

Genocide: Intent to destroy a national, ethnic, racial, or religious group in whole or in part. Ethnic cleansing: Intent to remove a group from a territory through forced displacement, not necessarily destruction.

What conditions in the Weimar Republic enabled the rise of the Nazis?

Hyperinflation, mass unemployment, political fragmentation, paramilitary violence, and resentment of the Treaty of Versailles created instability. These crises made extremist promises of order and national revival appealing.

What ideological tendencies do modern nationalist movements typically share?

Shared cultural/historical identity, myth‑making, exclusionary definitions of belonging, anti‑elite or anti‑globalist rhetoric, and often authoritarian or strong‑leader politics.

Versailles Treaty

Affected Germany: reparations, territorial losses, military limits.

Saint‑Germain Treaty

Affected Austria: dissolved empire, banned union with Germany.

Trianon Treaty

Affected Hungary: lost ~72% of territory, millions of Hungarians stranded abroad.

Neuilly Treaty

Affected Bulgaria: territorial losses + reparations.

Sèvres Treaty

Affected Ottoman Empire: partitioned empire; later revised by Lausanne.