BIO 202 Arthropoda 2 - Exam 4

subphylum of phylum arthropoda

hexapoda

classes of phylum arthropoda

insecta

germ layers of phylum arthropoda for all subphyla

triploblastic

symmetry of phylum arthropoda for all subphyla

bilateral

protostome/deuterstome of phylum arthropoda for all subphyla

protostome - ecdysozoan

habitat of phylum arthropoda for all subphyla

marine, terrestrial

skeletal system of phylum arthropoda for all subphyla

exoskeleton

mode of feeding of phylum arthropoda for all subphyla

all modes, including parasitic

mode of locomotion of phylum arthropoda for all subphyla

uniramous appendages, muscles

circulation of phylum arthropoda for all subphyla

open; tracheids are ducts (covered in cuticle and must be molted) with openings called spiracles used for breathing air

respiration of phylum arthropoda for all subphyla

gills, book lungs, tracheal system

excretion of phylum arthropoda for all subphyla

green gland, Malpighian tubules (aka outpocket of gut)

reproduction of phylum arthropoda for all subphyla

sexual; dioecious; free-spawn their gametes; use environmental cues and pheromones

distinguishing characteristics of phylum arthropoda for all subphyla

exoskeleton, metamerism and tagmatization, jointed appendages

adaptations of phylum arthropoda for all subphyla

predation, herbivory, filter feeding

germ layers for phylum echinodermata

triploblastic

symmetry for phylum echinodermata

bilateral larvae, pentaradial adult

protostome/deuterostome for phylum echinodermata

deuterostome

habitat for phylum echinodermata

marine ONLY

skeletal system for phylum echinodermata

endoskeleton

mode of feeding for phylum echinodermata

filter feeding, grazing, predation

mode of locomotion for phylum echinodermata

tube feet (water vascular system); podia

circulation for phylum echinodermata

no heart or blood vascular system

respiration for phylum echinodermata

dermal papulae/tube feet

excretion for phylum echinodermata

no excretory organ

reproduction for phylum echinodermata

sexual mostly, fission in some

distinguishing characteristics for phylum echinodermata

pentaradial, water vascular system, endoskeleton, dramatic metamorphosis

adaptations for phylum echinodermata

important members of benthic marine ecosystems; keystone predators

uniramous appendages

unbranched, single-series limbs consisting of segments attached end-to-end

major evolutionary advance for phylum arthropoda

the fact that insects can fly

mandibles

amazing feeding adaptability; used for chewing, sucking, and piercing

what separates insects from everything else

the fact that they use microbial gut symbionts to digest cellulose

how are arthropoda different from crustaceans with appendages

arthropoda have uniramous; crustaceans have biramous

body plan of class insecta

head, thorax, abdomen

what do subphylum hexapoda excrete

dry wastes including uric acid

movement in class insecta

movement is very fast and efficient; up to 86%

where is energy stored in class insecta

in the exoskeleton

what muscles contract to help insects fly

ventral muscles

what muscles make the wings go back down and only control the movement of the thorax

longitudinal muscles

why do some insects work together

eusocial behavior in insects is dependent on haplodiploid sex determination

haplodiploidy

males are the product of the asexual development of an unfertilized egg, and are haploid. males are entirely related to queen. sons have no fathers

holometabolous of clade hexapoda

egg to maggot to pupa to adult

phylum echinodermata

the echinoderms

phylum chordata

the invertebrate chordates and vertebrates

what are the most strange animals on the planet

phylum echinodermata because they have pentaradial symmetry

pedicellaria

in phylum echinodermata; defensive spines and pinchers

water vascular system

hydraulic system derived from one of 3 coelomic structures

how does water move

between external tube feet or podia and internal ampullae

asteroid pedicellaria

have two pinchers

echinoid pedicellaria

have three pinchers

Aristotle’s lantern

similar to a radula; used for grazing in a sea urchin

what do tiny planktonic larvae form after they feed

adult rudiment; weighs down the larva, causing it to settle and then absorbing or eating it

two phyla that are deuterstomes

phyla chordata and echinoderms

two main classes of phylum echinodermata

class asteroidea (seastars - predators) and class echinoidea (sea urchins - grazers)