Med Term Exam #3

skeletal muscle

are attached to bones and provide the means for movement.

voluntary muscles

that contract and relax in response to conscious thought.

smooth muscle

are mainly responsible for assisting internal processes, such as digestion, circulation, and urination.

leiomy/o

smooth muscle (comb. form)

my/o, muscul/o

muscle (comb. form)

rhabd/o

rod-shaped, striated (comb. form)

rhabdomy/o

rod-shaped (striated) muscle (comb. form)

brachi/o

arm (comb. form)

carp/o

wrist (comb. form)

cephal/o

head (comb. form)

cervic/o

neck (comb. form)

clavicul/o

clavicle (collar bone) (comb. form)

cost/o

rib (comb. form)

crani/o

skull (comb. form)

dactyl/o

fingers, toes (comb. form)

humer/o

humerus (upper arm bone) (comb. form)

metacarp/o

metacarpus (hand bones) (comb. form)

radi/o

radiation (comb. form)

phalang/o

phalanges (bones of the fingers and toes) (comb. form)

spondly/o, vertebr/o

vertebrae (backbone) (comb. form)

stern/o

sternum (breastbone) (comb. form)

thorac/o

chest (comb. form)

ili/o

ilium (comb. form)

calcane/o

calcaneus (heel bone) (comb. form)

femor/o

femur (comb. form)

fibul/o

fibula (smaller lower leg bone) (comb. form)

ischi/o

ischium (posterior part of pelvic bone) (comb. form)

lumb/o

lower back (comb. form)

pelv/i, pelv/o

pelvis (comb. form)

pod/o

foot (comb. form)

patell/o

patella (kneecap) (comb. form)

metatars/o

metatarsals (foot bones) (comb. form)

pub/o

pubis (anterior part of the pelvic bone) (comb. form)

tibi/o

tibia (larger bone of lower leg) (comb. form)

arthr/o

joint (comb. form)

fibr/o

fiber (comb. form)

kyph/o

humpback (comb. form)

orth/o

straight (comb. form)

oste/o

bone (comb. form)

lamin/o

lamina (part of vertebral arch) (comb. form)

lord/o

curve, swayback (comb. form)

myel/o

spinal cord, bone marrow (comb. form)

ped/o, ped/i

foot, child (comb. form)

scoli/o

crooked, bent (comb. form)

synov/o

synovial membrane (comb. form)

ten/o, tend/o, tendin/o

tendon (comb. form)

-asthenia

weakness, debility

-clasia

to break; surgical fracture

-clast

to break

-desis

to bind, tie together

-malacia

abnormal softening

-porosis

porous

sarcoma

malignant tumor of connective tissue

dys-

bad, painful, difficult

syn

together, with

Chondrosarcoma

malignant tumor of cartilage

Osteoporosis

A condition in which the body's bones become weak, porous, and break easily.

orthopedist

medical doctor who specializes in bone, joint, and muscle conditions

rheumatologist

physician who specializes in the study and treatment of rheumatic diseases

fracture

a break or crack in a bone

crepitation

the grating sound heard when the ends of a broken bone move together

Osteosarcoma

malignant tumor of the bone

rheumatoid arthritis

a chronic autoimmune disorder in which the joints and some organs of other body systems are attacked

hypotonia

Loss of muscle tone or a diminished resistance to passive stretching

Osteomyelitis

inflammation of bone and bone marrow

myasthenia gravis

a chronic autoimmune disease that affects the neuromuscular junction and produces serious weakness of voluntary muscles

subluxation

Partial or incomplete dislocation of one or more vertebrae

spondylosis

a degenerative disorder that can cause the loss of normal spinal structure and function

Scoliosis

lateral spinal curvature, either to the right or left

lordosis

Abnormal, inward curvature of a portion of the lower part of the spine; also known as swayback

claudication

lameness, limping

contrature

Fibrosis of connective tissue in the skin, fascia, muscle, or joint capsule that prevents normal mobility of the related tissue or joint

distal epiphysis

end of the bone located farthest away from the midline

The outer portion of a long bone is composed primarily _________or a solid, dense matrix comprised of organic and inorganic substances.

compact bone

One of those foundational components, the long bone, has two poles or ends connected by a shaft or________

diaphysis

this solid outer structure provides protection for an inner hollow, cylindrical central core or _________________. This unique design not only affords this foundational construct the ability to mold itself in response to stress and strain throughout our lives but also at this location to act as a repository for a yellow-tinted tissue rich in adipocytes known as marrow.

medullary cavity

Osteoblasts

bone forming cells

Hematopoiesis

blood cell formation

Unlike the bone of the shaft, the collagen fibers of bone here are bundled giving a lattice or web like appearance. This seemingly random arrangement of bony spicules and hollow pockets is known medically as ___________________________

spongy bone

Periosteum

A dense fibrous membrane covering the surface of bones (except at their extremities) and serving as an attachment for tendons and muscles.

Generally speaking, the specific long bones that comprise the structural support for our hands and feet are called______________

phalanges

When this conditional state occurs, it would be written medically as___________ which literally means inflammation of the digits

dactylitis

podiatrist

a specialist in care for the feet

something as benign as self-induced trauma like hard contact with a soccer ball or stubbing of one's toe on an uneven sidewalk. However, it too could result from an underlying medical disorder, such as___________

gout

phalangectomy

excision of a finger or toe bone

Once Dr. Splinter evaluated Jenny and learned of the circumstances surrounding her incident, he ordered a ________________ of her thorax. This diagnostic imaging technique would provide Dr. Splinter with a representation of the relationship between both skeletal and soft tissue

Computed tomography

Following review of the digital scans and associated radiologist notes, Dr. Splinter returned to Jenny's examination room with the verdict—it was a_________________, a break in which the bone(s) have caused damage to an internal organ

complicated fracture

I believe the best way to restore alignment of the ends of your broken ribs as well as integrity and functionality of her pulmonary system is by performing an_____________

open reduction

arthiritis

inflammation of the joints

Diarthrosis

freely movable joint

Tendinopathy

inflammation of a tendon

exacerbation

increase in the severity of a disease or its symptoms

osteopenia

thinner than average bone density

arthocentesis

surgical puncture to remove fluid from the joint space

arthalgia

joint pain

Bacteremia

bacteria in the blood

synovial fluid

joint-lubricating fluid secreted by the synovial membrane

Muscles like the Orbicularis Oculi are known as ___________ because their actions are under voluntary control.

skeletal

dysphagia

difficulty swallowing

muscular dystrophy

group of hereditary diseases characterized by degeneration of muscle and weakness