Exam 3

Delegate

a representative to national party conventions who votes according to the preferences of votes in caucus and primary elections
Or a representative who votes according to the preference of their constituency

Speaker of the House

The chief presiding officer of the house of representatives; the speaker is the most important party and house leader and can influence the legislative agenda, the fate of individual pieces of legislation, and members positions within the house

Appropriations

The amounts of money approved by congress in statutes (bills) that each unit or agency of government can spend

Executive Agreement

An agreement made between the president and another country, that has the force of a treaty but does not require the Senate’s “advice and consent”

Executive Order

A rule or regulation issued by the president that has the effect and formal status of legislation

Jim Crow laws

Pluralism

The theory that that all interests are and should be free to compete for influence in the government; the outcome of this competition is compromise and moderation

Lobbying

a strategy by which organised interests seek to influence the passage of legislation by exerting direct pressure on government officials

Judicial review

The power of the courts to review actions of the legislatve and executive branches and if necessary, delcare them i

Cold War

Trustee

A representaive who votes based on what they think is best for their constituency

Standing Committee

a permanent committee with the power to propose and write legislation that covers a particular subject, such as finance or agriculture

Expressed Powers

specific powers granted by the constitution to congress (Article 1, section 8) and to the president (article 2)

Cabinet

The secretaries, or chief administrators of the major department of the federal government; cabinet secretaries are appointed by the president with the consent of the senate

Selective incorporation

Due process of law

the right of every individual against arbitrary action by national or state governments

Interest group

An organised group of people or institution that uses various forms of advocacy to influence public policy

Iron triangle

Precedent

A prior case whose principles are used by judges as the basis for their decision in a present case

United Nations (UN)

Gerrymandering

Drawing legislative districts in such a way as to give an unfair advantage to a political party or one racial or ethnic group

Veto

The president’s constitutional power to turn down acts of congress; a presidential veto may be overridden by a two thirds vote of each house of congress

Delegated Powers

Constitutional powers that are assigned to one governmental agency but are exercised by another agency with the express permission of the first.

Collective Security

Equal protection clause

Strict scrutiny

Public Interest groups

Free riders

Those who enjoy the benefits of collective goods but did not participate in acquiring or providing them

Judicial Activism

Isolationism