EMT Chapter 6: The Human Body

For learning and practice test modes

The part of the brain that controls the left side of the body is the:

C. Right-side cerebrum

Activities such as walking, talking, and writing are regulated by the:

D. somatic nervous system

Key hormones of the sympathetic nervous system include:

D epinephrine and norepinephrine

The elbow is an example of a ______ joint

A. Hinge

The artery that can be palpated on the anterior surface of the foot is the:

C. dorsalis pedis

The large, flat, triangular bone that overlies the posterior thoracic wall is called the:

B. Scapula

Breathing occurs as the result of a(n):

D. increase in carbon dioxide, which decreases the pH of the cerebrospinal fluid

Both areas of the pons are used to:

B. augment respirations during emotional or physical stress

Which set of nerves is responsible for carrying information from the body to the central nervous system?

Select one:

D. Sensory

The bony prominence on the lateral/superior aspect of the thigh is called the:

C. greater trochanter

Stimulation of alpha-adrenergic receptors results in:

B. Constriction of the blood vessels

The electrical impulse of the heart normally begins at the:

A. sinoatrial node

The body's backup system of respiratory control, which is based on low concentrations of oxygen in the blood is called the:

B. Hypoxic drive

Which part of the central nervous system is responsible for coordinating bodily movements such as writing or sewing?

Select one:

A. Cerebellum

Which of the following is NOT a function of the skin?

C. Metabolic coordination

The central nervous system is composed of the:

B. Brain and spinal cord

Bile is produced by the liver and concentrated and stored in the:

C gallbladder

What is the function of the fallopian tubes?

B. To transport a mature egg to the uterus

Large amounts of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) are generated when:

A. the cells function with adequate oxygen

A patient has a large accumulation of blood in the sac surrounding the heart. Which type of shock would this condition cause?

B. Obstructive

Which of the following structures does NOT contain smooth muscle?

D. Skeletal system

Which of the following systems is responsible for releasing hormones that regulate body activities?

C. Endocrine

Which of the following is NOT true of the lymphatic system?

B. Its vessels closely parallel the major arteries in the body

Urine is transported from the kidneys to the urinary bladder via the:

A. ureters

The waste products of aerobic metabolism include:

B. carbon dioxide and water

What happens when blood volume is lost from the body?

A. The arteries contract to increase the blood pressure

Pathophysiology is the study of the functional changes that occur when the body reacts to a particular:

B. disease

A by-product of involuntary muscle contraction and relaxation is:

C. heat

Which organ lies in the lateral and posterior portion of the left upper quadrant of the abdomen?

B. Spleen

The ____________ is a muscular dome that forms the inferior boundary of the thorax, separating the thorax from the abdomen.

A. diaphragm

If a patient's chest barely moves during inhalation, even if the patient's respiratory rate is normal, you should suspect that:

A. minute volume is decreased

The brain connects to the spinal cord through a large opening at the base of the skull called the:

A. foramen magnum

The ___________ is made up of the maxilla and zygoma, as well as the frontal bone of the cranium.

A. orbit

A patient has a blood pressure of 130/70 mm Hg. The "130" in this measurement represents:

C. ventricular contraction

Which of the following statements regarding anaerobic metabolism is correct?

B. Anaerobic metabolism produces lactic acid and occurs when cellular oxygen is limited.

The air you breathe is _______ oxygen, and the air you exhale is _______ oxygen.

21% and 16%

The ___________ plane separates the body into left and right halves.

midsagittal

The cervical spine is composed of ___________ vertebrae.

7

Which of the following is NOT a facial bone?

A. Mastoid

A person's bones will become brittle if he or she is deficient in:

calcium

Skeletal muscle is also called:

voluntary muscle

The firm cartilaginous ring that forms the inferior portion of the larynx is called the:

cricoid cartilage

An increase in heart rate and contractility occurs due to stimulation of:

A beta 1 receptors

White blood cells, which are also called leukocytes, function by:

C. protecting the body from infection

Which of the following skin layers contains sweat and oil glands, hair follicles, blood vessels, and nerve endings?

A dermis

The kidneys and pancreas are called retroperitoneal organs because they:

B are located behind the abdominal cavity

Abnormalities in metabolism are MOST likely to be caused by dysfunction of the:

B thyroid gland

Which of the following statements regarding the kidneys is correct?

A The kidneys eliminate toxic waste products from the body and control the body's fluid balance.

Which of the following conditions would affect the "Q" portion of the V/Q ratio?

pulmonary embolism

Which three bones make up the shoulder girdle?

clavicle, scapula, humerus

Which of the following arteries does NOT carry highly oxygenated blood?

C pulmonary

Which of the following is NOT a part of the life cycle of sperm?

D Deposited by the seminal vesicles

The _____ is connected to the intestine by the bile ducts.

liver

The leaf-shaped flap of tissue that prevents food and liquid from entering the trachea is called the:

epiglottis

there are a total of __ lobes in the right and left lungs

5

the movement of air between the lungs and the environment is called:

ventilation

How many bones comprise the human skeleton?

206

What are the two main portions of the skeletal system?

axial skeleton and appendicular skeleton

How many bones comprise the face?

14

The thoracic spine is composed of ___________ (quantity) vertebrae.

12

The lumbar spine is composed of ___________ (quantity) vertebrae.

5

The fused vertebrae that are inferior to the lumbar spine is the _____________.

Sacrum

The sacrum is composed of ___________ (quantity) vertebrae fused together.

5

The coccyx is composed of ___________ (quantity) vertebrae fused together.

4

During shock states cells often receive less oxygen. This is referred to​ as:

D. hypoperfusion

The term​ "pathophysiology" means​ what?

C. Changes in normal physiology due to disease or injury

Cardiac output is composed​ of:

B. stroke volume and heart rate.

Cardiac output (CO) is affected by:

Select one:

C. stroke volume and heart rate.

Which of the following statements regarding agonal respirations is correct?

Select one:

A. Agonal respirations are ineffective and need to be assisted.

The pelvic bones are formed by the fusion of the:

Select one:

D. ilium, ischium, and pubis.

The electrical impulse of the heart normally begins at the:

Select one:

B. sinoatrial node.

The average adult has approximately ___________ of blood in his or her vascular system.

Select one:

D. 6 L.

Oxygen and carbon dioxide pass across the alveolar membrane in the lungs through a process called:

Select one:

A. diffusion.

The bones that constitute the fingers and toes are called:

Select one:

D. phalanges.

Anterior to the knee is a specialized bone called the:

Select one:

C. patella.

The most superior section of the sternum is called the:

Select one:

C. manubrium.

Contraction of the right ventricle causes:

Select one:

D. blood to flow into the pulmonary circulation.

During each heartbeat, ___________ of blood is ejected from the adult heart, an amount called the stroke volume.

Select one:

C. 70 to 80 mL

The exocrine gland of the pancreas secretes:

Select one:

B. pancreatic juice.

The major artery that supplies all other arteries with blood is the:

Select one:

C. aorta.

Which of the following statements regarding the heart is correct?

Select one:

B. The heart is under the control of the autonomic nervous system.

The smooth muscles that cause the artery to contract are found in the:

Select one:

D. tunica media.

In an otherwise healthy adult, blood loss would cause:

Select one:

C. vascular constriction and tachycardia.

As the bronchus divides into smaller bronchioles, the terminal ends of these smaller passages form the:

Select one:

B. alveoli.

Together, the right and left lungs contain how many lobes?

Select one:

C. Five

Which of the following are central pulses?

Select one:

B. Femoral and carotid

The femoral head forms a ball-and-socket joint with the:

Select one:

C. acetabulum.

Which of the following organs or structures lies within the retroperitoneal space?

Select one:

C. Kidneys

The axial skeleton is composed of the:

Select one:

A. skull, face, thorax, and vertebral column.

The primary function of the right atrium is to:

Select one:

C. receive blood from the vena cava.

Which of the following statements regarding plasma is correct?

Select one:

A. Plasma transports the blood cells and nutrients.

The bones of the forearm are called the:

Select one:

A. radius and ulna.

Worn-out blood cells, foreign substances, and bacteria are filtered from the blood by the:

Select one:

B. spleen.

The diaphragm and intercostal muscles contract during:

Select one:

B. inhalation.

The ___________ portion of the spinal column is joined to the iliac bones of the pelvis.

Select one:

D. sacrum

The left side of the heart receives oxygenated blood from the lungs through the:

Select one:

D. pulmonary veins

Which of the following is MOST characteristic of adequate breathing in an adult?

Select one:

C. Respirations of 20 breaths/min and bilateral chest movement

The muscle tissue of the heart is called the:

Select one:

A. myocardium.

The diaphragm is unique because it:

Select one:

C. is both a voluntary and an involuntary muscle.

The primary organ responsible for absorption of the products of digestion is the:

Select one:

B. small intestine.