[GENERAL PRINCIPLES] Molecular Mechanism of Action - Non-Target Protein

● Physical interaction

● Chemical interaction

● Counterfeit mechanism

Non-target protein mechanisms include:

Osmosis

Examples of PHYSICAL interaction include:

Mannitol (IV)

Example of a drug that undergoes PHYSICAL interaction:

Physical interaction

Mannitol (OSMOSIS) belongs to what type of non-target protein mechanism?

Osmosis

[PHYSICAL INTERACTION]

This refers to the movement of solvent (H2O) from low solute concentration to high solute concentration.

Mannitol (IV)

[PHYSICAL INTERACTION]

This is an osmotic diuretic/aquaretic agent that depends on the movement of water.

This makes the urine concentrated, drawing water from the blood to the kidneys and urine. Thus, used in hypertension and cerebral edema.

Intravenously

[PHYSICAL INTERACTION]

Mannitol is administered __________.

● Dehydration

● Hypernatremia

[PHYSICAL INTERACTION]

Toxic effects of mannitol include:

Chemical interaction

This involves chemical reactions that produce the effects.

● Neutralization

● Chelation

Examples of CHEMICAL interaction include:

Neutralization

[CHEMICAL REACTION]

This is an acid-base reaction.

● Antacid for hyperacidity

● Protamine sulfate for heparin

[CHEMICAL REACTION]

Examples of drugs that undergo neutralization include:

Protamine sulfate

[CHEMICAL REACTION]

Antidote for heparin poisoning

Chelation reaction

[CHEMICAL REACTION]

This reaction involves metals binding to an agent to form large chelates, which are not absorbed.

● Deferoxamine

● Penicillamine

[CHEMICAL REACTION]

Examples of drugs that undergo chelation reaction include:

Deferoxamine

[CHEMICAL REACTION]

Antidote for iron poisoning

Penicillamine

[CHEMICAL REACTION]

Antidote for copper poisoning

Chemical interaction

Neutralization and chelation reaction belong to what type of non-target protein mechanism?

Chemical interaction

The following drugs belong to what type of non-target protein mechanism?

● Antacid

● Protamine sulfate

● Deferoxamine

● Penicillamine

Chelation reaction

[CHEMICAL REACTION]

This reaction is commonly involved in administering ANTIDOTES.

Counterfeit mechanism

This is also known as DRUG INCORPORATION.

Drug incorporation

Counterfeit mechanism is also known as ______

Counterfeit mechanism

This mechanism involves ANTIMETABOLITES, which are analogues of different purine (guanine, adenine) and pyrimidine (cytosine, uracil, thymine) bases.

These drugs compete with natural nucleotides during DNA or RNA synthesis. Incorporation of analogues into nucleic acids leads to faulty DNA/RNA.

Antimetabolites (6-Mercaptopurine, 5-Fluorouracil, Cytarabine, Gemcitabine)

Example of counterfeit mechanism