Biomed Top 300 Week 2

Epoetin Alfa Brand

Procrit®, Epogen®

Epoetin Alfa Class

Erythropoietic Stimulating Agent; Hematopoietic Agent

Epoetin Alfa Indications

Anemia of cancer chemotherapy, chronic renal failure, due to zidovudine in HIV-infected patients. Perioperative collection of blood for allogeneic infusion

Epoetin Alfa Mechanism

Recombinant human erythropoietin; binds to the erythropoietin receptor on erythroid progenitor cells, stimulating production/differentiation of mature red cells.

Darbepoetin Brand

Aranesp®

Darbepoetin Class

Hematopoietic, erythropoiesis-stimulating agent

Darbepoetin Indications

Anemia due to chemotherapy, and anemia of chronic kidney disease

Darbepoetin Mechanism

Hyperglycosylated analogue of recombinant human erythropoietin; binds to the erythropoietin receptor on erythroid progenitor cells, stimulating production/differentiation of mature red blood cells.

Diclofenac (oral) Brand

Voltaren® (XR)

Diclofenac (oral) Class

NSAID

Diclofenac (oral) Indications

Pain, dysmenorrhea, migraine, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis

Diclofenac (oral) Mechanism

Nonselective inhibitor of cyclo-oxygenase-1 (COX-1) and cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2).

Spironolactone Brand

Aldactone®

Spironolactone Class

Potassium-Sparing Diuretic; Selective Aldosterone Blocker

Spironolactone Indications

Heart failure - NYHA class III-IV, primary aldosteronism, HTN, ascites, cirrhosis of liver

Spironolactone Mechanism

Steroidal competitive aldosterone antagonist that acts from the interstitial side of the distal and collecting tubular epithelium to block sodium-potassium exchange, producing a delayed and mild diuresis. Excretion of sodium and chloride is increased; excretion of potassium and magnesium is decreased.

Valsartan Brand

Diovan®

Valsartan Class

Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonist

Valsartan Indications

Heart failure, HTN, acute coronary syndrome

Valsartan Mechanism

Selective, reversible, competitive antagonist of the angiotensin II receptor, which is responsible for the physiologic effects of angiotensin II, including vasoconstriction, aldosterone secretion, sympathetic outflow, and stimulation of renal sodium reabsorption.

Rivaroxaban Brand

Xarelto®

Rivaroxaban Class

Anticoagulant, Factor Xa inhibitor

Rivaroxaban Indications

Prevention of thromboembolism in patients after orthopedic surgery, in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. Treatment and secondary prevention of DVT or pulmonary embolism. Coronary artery disease or peripheral artery disease

Rivaroxaban Mechanism

Selectively blocks the active site of factor Xa and does not require a cofactor (such as antithrombin III) for activity. Activation of factor X to factor Xa via the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways plays a central role in the cascade of blood coagulation.

Dabigatran Brand

Pradaxa®

Dabigatran Class

Direct Oral Anticoagulant (DOAC)

Dabigatran Indications

Treatment and prevention of initial or recurrent DVT and PE, prevention of stroke and systemic embolism in patient with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation, and prevention of deep venous thromboembolism and PE after hip replacement.

Dabigatran Mechanism

Competitive, reversible, direct thrombin inhibitor; because thrombin enables the conversion of fibrinogen into fibrin during the coagulation cascade, its inhibition prevents the development of a thrombus. Both free and clot-bound thrombin and thrombin-induced platelet aggregation are inhibited.

Apixaban Brand

Eliquis®

Apixaban Class

Factor Xa Inhibitor

Apixaban Indications

Atrial fibrillation, nonvalvular (prophylaxis, to reduce the risk of stroke), hip or knee replacement surgery (prophylaxis, to reduce the risk of DVT and PE), and DVT or PE (treatment and to reduce the future risk)

Apixaban Mechanism

Selective inhibitor of factor Xa; decreases thrombin generation and thrombus development.