Causes of and Treatments for Disorders: Biological Perspective

This flashcard set covers the vocabulary and key biological concepts, neurotransmitters, and pharmaceutical treatments associated with psychological disorders as discussed in the lecture.

Biological Perspective

A viewpoint that attributes psychological disorders to genetic factors, poor neurotransmitter activity, brain abnormalities (e.g., tumours or prenatal damage), infections, or toxins.

Epigenetics

A concept where a genetic predisposition exists, but environmental factors (like stress, trauma, or diet) play a role in the expression of the gene.

DNA Methylation and Histone Modification

The two primary processes through which gene expression is changed or turned "on" due to environmental factors.

Neurotransmission

The process of communication between neurons in the brain, where malfunctions are often linked to psychological disorders.

Serotonin

A neurotransmitter that acts as a mood stabiliser; low levels are linked to depression.

Cortisol

A specific stress hormone identified as a potential cause for symptoms of anxiety and depression.

Lithium

An example of a mood stabiliser medication used in the treatment of Bipolar disorder.

SSRIs (Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors)

A category of antidepressant that blocks the reuptake of serotonin in the synaptic gap to allow build-up between neurons.

Benzodiazepines

A type of anti-anxiety medication used to treat anxiety disorders.

Atypical Neuroleptics

An example of antipsychotic medication used for Schizophrenia.

Ritalin

An example of a stimulant medication specifically used to treat ADHD.

Typical Antipsychotics

Medications for schizophrenia that block dopamine receptors, typically only impacting positive symptoms and carrying a high rate of side effects.

Atypical Antipsychotics

Medications for schizophrenia that block receptors for serotonin, noradrenaline, and glutamate; they can improve both positive and negative symptoms.

Dopamine

The neurotransmitter linked to schizophrenia, specifically when high levels of activity occur in certain areas of the brain.

SNRIs

Along with SSRIs, these are identified as one of the most common medications available for treating depression.

$$60-75 \%$$

The percentage of users who find antidepressants (SSRIs and SNRIs) helpful, according to research mentioned in the transcript.