SCIENCE FINAL

What is the function of a cell wall?

To protect and support the cell

Unlike Hooke, Leeuwenhoek observed cells that

Were alive

Which organelle is the control center of a cell?

Nucleus

A substance that cannot be broken down into a simpler substance is a/an

Element

Enzymes are important because they

Speed up chemical reactions

Which term referred to the diffusion of water molecules through a selective permeable membrane?

Osmosis

The invention of the microscope made it possible for people to discover

Cells

Which of the following statements is part of the cell theory?

All cells are produced from other cells

What does the term “resolution” refer to?

How well structure close can be distinguished

What is the function of a cell membrane?

To control which substances can enter and leave the cell

Which of the following best describes the function of the mitochondria?

They convert energy from food molecules into energy that the cell can use

What term refers to the movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration?

Diffusion

Which term refers to the movement of materials to through a cell membrane without using the cells energy

Passive transport

Unlike the cell wall, the cell membrane

Is found in all cells

Which organelle store food and other materials needed by the cell?

Vacuoles

What are the products of photosynthesis?

Oxygen and sugars

How does photosynthesis benefit heterotrophs?

It creates food that they can eat

What happens during respiration?

Glucose is broken down, releasing energy

Mitosis is the stage of the cell circle during which

The cells nucleus divides into two new nuclei

The regular cycle of growth and division that cells undergo is called

The cell cycle

Under which of the following conditions is lactate acid fermentation, most likely to occur

A very fast run

The stage of cellular respiration that releases most of the energy in glucose occurs in the

Mitochondria

How are photosynthesis and respiration related?

They have opposite equations

What captures energy from sunlight during photosynthesis?

Chlorophyll

The stage of the cell cycle that follows mitosis is called

cytokinesis

According to the dietary guidelines, which group should be eaten in a very limited amount amounts?

Fats and Oils

Which structures enable the small intestine to absorb large amount of nutrients?

Villi

What carbohydrate help helps your digestive system function, even though your body can’t digest it?

Fiber

What substance in the mouth contains an enzyme that begins chemical digestion?

Saliva

Which nutrient is needed in order for all body processes to take place?

Water

A calorie is a unit used to measure

Energy

Which nutrients are made up of amino acids?

Proteins

What process involves muscle contractions that move food throughout the esophagus?

peristalsis

Which organ produces bile?

Liver

What digestive organ releases enzymes that help breakdown, starches, proteins, and fats in a small intestine?

Pancreas

Needed substances are carried to the body cells by

Blood

Which of these heart structures prevents blood from flowing backward?

Valve

what causes blood pressure?

The force with which the ventricles contract

If a person’s blood lacked platelets, what process cannot take place?

Clotting of blood

Exercise is important for cardiovascular health because it

Strengthening heart muscle

Which component of blood carries oxygen to the body cells?

Red blood cells

Which component of blood is 90% water?

Plasma

The function of white blood cells is to

Fight disease

Which of the following blood types can a person with type O blood safely receive a transfusion?

Only type O

What term do scientist use to describe a chemical process in which oxygen and glucose react release energy inside body cells?

Cellular respiration

what is the main function of the excretory system?

To collect and remove wastes from the body

Which organ of the excretory system stores urine until the body is ready to eliminate it?

Urinary bladder

Which excretory organ eliminates water, and some chemical wastes in perspiration?

Skin

Which substances are released during respiration?

Carbon Dioxide and Water

What term do scientist use to describe the chemical process in which oxygen and glucose react to release energy inside the body?

Cellular respiration

Which part of the respiratory system is also part of the digestive system?

PHARYNX

During gas exchange which substances moves from the alveoli into the blood?

Oxygen

Where in the respiratory system is gas exchange occur?

In the alveoli

The role of the respiratory system is to bring what substance into the body?

Oxygen

What is the name of the small flap of tissue that seals off the trachea during swallowing?

Epiglottis

Which parts of the respiratory system divide into smaller and smaller tubes in a pattern that resembles the branches of a tree?

Bronchi

Each alveolus is rounded by network of

Capillaries

The endocrine system acts on the body through chemical products called

Hormones

The way the end consistent maintains homeostasis is often compared to a

Heating system that turns a furnace on and off to control a rooms temperature

Which endocrine glands communicate with the hypothalamus to control many body activities, including growth from to adulthood?

Pituitary gland

Which endocrine glands linked the endocrine system and the nervous system system?

Hypothalamus

A change or signal in the environment that can make an organism react is called a

Stimulus

What part of a neuron carries nerve impulses away from the cell body?

Axon

Pain is an important sensation because it

Can alert the body of danger

An automatic response of the body that occurs very rapidly and without conscious control is called a

Reflex

A motor neuron sends an impulse to

A muscle or gland

The thick column of nerve tissue that wins the brain to most of the nerve in the peripheral nervous system is

Spinal cord

The brain and spinal cord make up the

Central nervous system

The endocrine system acts on the body through chemical products called

Hormones

A mature egg is released from the ovary during a process called

OVULATION

In a female’s body, an egg develops in an ovary, and the uterus prepares for the rival of a fertilized egg during

The menstrual cycle

Which period makes up the stage of development called infancy?

Birth to age 2

Sperm are produced in the

Testes

Where does a fertilized egg develop after it leaves the fallopian tube?

In the uterus

Which of the following describes the first nine months of human development in the correct order?

Zygote embryo fetus

Eggs are produced in the

Ovaries

Human eggs are usually fertilized in the

Fallopian tube

The scrotum is a part of the

Male reproductive system

Nutrients from the mother pass to the developing embryo through a membrane called the

Placenta

Which of the following statements about the placenta is not true?

The placenta protects and embryo from alcohol and other harmful substances that might be present and the mother’s blood

What happens during the stage of childbirth called labor?

The baby is pushed out of the uterus through the vagina

What leaves the mother’s body during the stage of childbirth called after birth?

The placenta

Which of the following is a physical change that usually takes place during childhood?

Individuals become more coordinated as they practice skill

What is the main event that happens during puberty?

an individual’s body becomes able to reproduce

During the stage of development called influence all of the following occur except

Learning coordinate tasks, such as writing with a pencil

mechanical waves are created when a source of energy causes a medium to

Vibrate

Waves that move the particles of the medium parallel to the direction in which the waves are traveling are called

Longitude waves

The distance between two corresponding parts of a wave is the waves

Wavelength

The speed of a wave is its wavelength multiplied by its

Frequency

The maximum distance that the particles of a medium move from the rest position is the

Amplitude of the wave

The interaction between two waves that meat is called

Interference

What occurs when vibrations traveling through an object match the object natural frequency?

Resonance

Waves combined to produce a smaller or zero amplitude wave in a process called

Deconstructive interference

The highest points of a transverse wave are called

Crests

The bending of waves is called

Refraction

The spreading out of waves when passing through a barrier is known as

Defraction

When an incoming wave combines with a reflected wave in such a way that the combined wave appears to be standing still, the result is a

Standing wave

Frequency is measured in units called

Hertz

Sound is a disturbance that travels through a medium as a

Longitudinal wave

The changing pitch of a police’s car siren as it moves by you is an example of

the Doppler effect