3.1.1-3.1.3 HBS TEST

what do coronary arteries do

supply oxygen rich blood to the heart muscle

where are coronary arteries located

on the surface of the heart

what do arteries do

carry blood away from the heart

what do veins do

carry blood to the heart

what do capillaries do

exchange oxygen nutrients and waste with tissues

artery description

thick, muscular walls

vein description

thin walls and valves

capillaries description

very thin

cardiac output

amount of blood pumped per min

formula for cardiac output

heart rate x stroke volume

what does the formula for cardiac output mean

higher means more blood pumped

how to calculate ABI

ankle BP divided by arm BP

ABI above .90

normal

ABI .71 -.90

mild obstruction

ABI .41-.70

moderate obstruction

ABI .00 - .40

severe obstruction

what is PAD

narrowed down arteries making less blood flow to limbs

cause of PAD

plaque buildup (atherosclerosis)

how to treat PAD

coronary bypasses, surgery, medications, angioplasty, squish the obstruction, and then put in mesh cage called a stent

P wave is the

tiny first bump

what happens at p

atrial depolarization - contraction

Q wave is the

bottom start point for high bump

what happens at q

atrial repolarization, atria relaxes

R wave is the

highest point

what happens at r going down to s

ventricular depolarization- ventricles contract

S wave is the

lowest point

T wave is the

second high-ish bump

what happens at t wave

ventricular repolarization- ventricles relax