AP World 4.7

Li Chengdong

- orchestrated three separate massacres in the city of Jaiding in a month.

Nobility

- also known as aristocracy.

Li Chengdong

- orchestrated three separate massacres in the city of Jaiding in a month.

Nobility

- also known as aristocracy.

Queues

- braided pigtail style of the Manchu.

Liu Liangzuo

- massacred the entire population of Jiangyin, killing between 74, 000- 100, 000 people.

Roxelana

- Unusually powerful in the Ottoman Empire.

Akbar the Great

- remembered for military successes and administrative achievements.

Ulama

- Scholars and exports in Islamic law.

Mestizos

- mixed European and indigenous.

Ottoman Empire

included major Arab, Christian, and Shia Muslim populations that faced varying levels of persecution and tolerance.

last imperial dynasty

The Qing was Chinas .

Ulama

Scholars and exports in Islamic law

Viziers

Strong advisers who gained positions over sultans

Timar

Sultan granted land or tax revenues to those he favored

Sultan Mehmed II

Invited Jews to settle in Istanbul

Jizaya

tax required of all non-Muslims in the empire

Akbar the Great

remembered for military successes and administrative achievements

Harem

residence where a powerful mans wives and concubines lived

Roxelana

Unusually powerful in the Ottoman Empire

Barbary pirates

plied seas near North Africa along Barbary Coast

Impressed

Forced into service, in the navy as galley slaves

Manchu

people from Manchuria that ruled over the majority Han Chinese and other ethnic groups

Li Chengdong

orchestrated three separate massacres in the city of Jaiding in a month

Nobility

also known as aristocracy

Louis XIV

said "I am the state"

Sephardic Jews

Jews who trace their heritage back to Spain

Ashkenazi Jews

Jews from central and Eastern Europe

Boyars

Noble landowners

Serfs

peasants who received a plot of land and protection from a noble

Ivan the Terrible

murdered his own son, defeated Novgorod, and forced the boyars to move to Moscow

Peninsulares

born on the Iberian peninsula

Criollos

Europeans born in the Americas

Castas

mixed-race ancestry

Mestizos

mixed European and indigenous

Mullatoes

mixed European and African

Zambos

mixed indigenous and African

Social Categories

the ways that people understood the place of themselves and others within society