AP World 4.7
Ulama - Scholars and exports in Islamic law.
Viziers - Strong advisers who gained positions over sultans.
Timar - Sultan granted land or tax revenues to those he favored.
Sultan Mehmed II - Invited Jews to settle in Istanbul.
Jizaya - tax required of all non-Muslims in the empire
Akbar the Great - remembered for military successes and administrative achievements.
Harem - residence where a powerful man’s wives and concubines lived
Roxelana - Unusually powerful in the Ottoman Empire. Married Suleiman and commissioned ambitious public works projects.
Barbary pirates - plied seas near North Africa along Barbary Coast
Impressed - Forced into service, in the navy as galley slaves.
Manchu - people from Manchuria that ruled over the majority Han Chinese and other ethnic groups.
Queues - braided pigtail style of the Manchu. If you refuse you get executed
Li Chengdong - orchestrated three separate massacres in the city of Jaiding in a month.
Liu Liangzuo - massacred the entire population of Jiangyin, killing between 74,000 - 100,000 people.
Nobility - also known as aristocracy. 2nd highest level in social hierarchy
Louis XIV - said “I am the state”
Sephardic Jews - Jews who trace their heritage back to Spain
Ashkenazi Jews - Jews from central and Eastern Europe.
Boyars - Noble landowners
Serfs - peasants who received a plot of land and protection from a noble
Ivan the Terrible - murdered his own son, defeated Novgorod, and forced the boyars to move to Moscow.
Peninsulares - born on the Iberian peninsula
Criollos - Europeans born in the Americas
Castas - mixed-race ancestry
Mestizos - mixed European and indigenous
Mullatoes - mixed European and African
Zambos - mixed indigenous and African
Social Categories - the ways that people understood the place of themselves and others within society.
Ottoman Empire included major Arab, Christian, and Shia Muslim populations that faced varying levels of persecution and tolerance.
Changes to Ottoman state over time:
Janissary disloyalty/ambition
Harem politics
Figurehead Sultans, powerful Viziers
The Qing was China’s last imperial dynasty. They controlled the Han Chinese majority
The queue signaled submission to the foreign Manchu rulers.
Many Han were used to kill other rebellious Han, proving their loyalty by working for the Manchu.
Ulama - Scholars and exports in Islamic law.
Viziers - Strong advisers who gained positions over sultans.
Timar - Sultan granted land or tax revenues to those he favored.
Sultan Mehmed II - Invited Jews to settle in Istanbul.
Jizaya - tax required of all non-Muslims in the empire
Akbar the Great - remembered for military successes and administrative achievements.
Harem - residence where a powerful man’s wives and concubines lived
Roxelana - Unusually powerful in the Ottoman Empire. Married Suleiman and commissioned ambitious public works projects.
Barbary pirates - plied seas near North Africa along Barbary Coast
Impressed - Forced into service, in the navy as galley slaves.
Manchu - people from Manchuria that ruled over the majority Han Chinese and other ethnic groups.
Queues - braided pigtail style of the Manchu. If you refuse you get executed
Li Chengdong - orchestrated three separate massacres in the city of Jaiding in a month.
Liu Liangzuo - massacred the entire population of Jiangyin, killing between 74,000 - 100,000 people.
Nobility - also known as aristocracy. 2nd highest level in social hierarchy
Louis XIV - said “I am the state”
Sephardic Jews - Jews who trace their heritage back to Spain
Ashkenazi Jews - Jews from central and Eastern Europe.
Boyars - Noble landowners
Serfs - peasants who received a plot of land and protection from a noble
Ivan the Terrible - murdered his own son, defeated Novgorod, and forced the boyars to move to Moscow.
Peninsulares - born on the Iberian peninsula
Criollos - Europeans born in the Americas
Castas - mixed-race ancestry
Mestizos - mixed European and indigenous
Mullatoes - mixed European and African
Zambos - mixed indigenous and African
Social Categories - the ways that people understood the place of themselves and others within society.
Ottoman Empire included major Arab, Christian, and Shia Muslim populations that faced varying levels of persecution and tolerance.
Changes to Ottoman state over time:
Janissary disloyalty/ambition
Harem politics
Figurehead Sultans, powerful Viziers
The Qing was China’s last imperial dynasty. They controlled the Han Chinese majority
The queue signaled submission to the foreign Manchu rulers.
Many Han were used to kill other rebellious Han, proving their loyalty by working for the Manchu.