Geoscience Semester 1 Exam

How do I find the number of electrons?

By looking at the amount of protons or atomic #.

How can I use the atomic mass to find the number of neutrons?

Subtract the atomic mass from atomic number

What is the charge, atomic mass, and location of a proton?

+1 (positive), 1 atomic mass unit, nucleus

What is the charge, atomic mass, and location of a neutron?

0 (neither), 1 atomic mass unit, nucleus

What is the charge, atomic mass, and location of an Electron?

-1 (negative), 0 atomic mass unit, orbitals

Most light emitted from the Sun comes from the…

photosphere

How does the sun produce its energy?

Through nuclear fusion by which the sun smashes hydrogen which becomes helium and releases a great amount of energy that powers the sun.

What are 3 pieces of evidence used to support the Big Bang theory?

The Distance and Movement of Galaxies, Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation, and the Distribution of elements.

What is a supernova?

A supernova is a huge explosion that occurs in Space. They also produce natural, heavy elements.

Why is cosmic microwave background radiation important to know?

Proved that tiny amount of heat was left over from the big bang; universe was not static.

The Sun produces energy by forming ____ in its core.

helium

How does a Lunar Eclipse occur?

When the Sun, Earth, and Moon align in that order causing Earth’s shadow to fall on the moon.

What must be in the moon phase for a Lunar Eclipse to occur?

Full moon phase.

How does a Solar Eclipse occur?

When the moon passes between the Sun and the Earth, blocking at least some of the Sun and casting a shadow on Earth.

What must be in the moon phase for a Solar Eclipse to occur?

New moon

What is redshift?

Moving away

What is blue shift

Moving towards

What is the nucleus of an atom made out of?

Protons and Neutrons

What two subatomic particles make up the nucleus of an atom?

Protons and Neutrons

How do you determine the name of an element?

By simply looking at the atomic number of the element.

How do we know about Earth’s interior?

The study of seismic waves caused by Earthquakes

Where are the convection currents located in Earth’s interior?

The middle mantle

What happens when two oceanic plates converge?

The older plate will subduct under the younger plate because of its higher density.

What happens when an oceanic plate converges with a continental plate?

The thinner and denser oceanic plate is overridden/subducted by the thicker and less dense continental plate.

What plate boundary formed the Himalayan mountains?

Continental-continental

Where is the crust older, near deep sea trenches or mid-ocean ridges?

Deep-sea trenches

What is an example of a transform boundary?

San Andres Fault.

Why does magma rise at divergent plate boundaries?

Heat from the convection currents in the asthenosphere causes the magma to rise and fill the ridge.

Fusion

When two light atoms slam together to form a heavier atom

Element

A pure substance made of only one type of atom

Nuclear fusion

The process that produces energy in the sun.

Nebula

The first phase of a star that begins as a cloud of gas and dust.

Solar nebula

A cloud of gas and dust that collapsed under gravity 4.6 billion years ago to form our sun and the planets.

Aphelion

When a planet is farthest from the Sun

Perhelion

When a planet is closest to the Sun.

Principle of Horzontality

When most sedimentary layers of rock are deposited into a horizontal position.

Principle of superposition

Is a sequence of undisturbed sedime layers or lava flows where the oldest layers are at the bottom.

Principle of cross-cutting relationships

An igneous intrusion or fault that is always younger than the rock it cuts across.

Principle of uniformitarianism

The processes affecting Earth today are the same ones that affected it in the past.

Convection

The transfer of heat through fluids as warmer less dense fluids rise and cooler, denser fluids shrinks

If more layers of sediments are added on top of an erosion surface, the resulting feature is called a…

Unconformity

The earth is at its apogee/aphelion when its summer in the northern hemisphere

True