Chapter 1: American Government & Civic Engagement

Common Goods

goods that all people may use but are of limited supply

Democracy

a form of government where political power rests in the hands of the people

Direct Democracy

a form of government where people participate directly in making government decisions instead of choosing representatives to do this for them

Elite Theory

claims political power rests in the hands of a small, elite group of people

Government

the means by which a society organizes itself and allocates authority in order to accomplish collective goals

Ideology

the beliefs and ideals that help to shape political opinion and eventually policy

Intense Preferences

beliefs and preferences based on strong feelings regarding an issue that someone adheres to over time

Latent Preferences

beliefs and preferences people are not deeply committed to and that change over time

Majority Rule

a fundamental principle of democracy; the majority should have the power to make decisions binding upon the whole

Minority Rights

protections for those who are not apart of the majority

Monarchy

a form of government where one ruler, usually a hereditary one, holds political power

Oligarchy

a form of government where a handful of elite society members hold political power

For example, in China, the government is run by members of the Chinese Communist Party.

Partisanship

strong support, or even blind allegiance, for a particular political party.

Pluralist Theory

claims political power rests in the hands of groups of people

Political Power

influences over a governments institutions, leaders, and policies

Politics

the process by which we decide how resources will be allocated and which policies government will pursue.

Private Goods

goods provided by private businesses that can be used only by those who pay for them

Public Goods

goods provided by government that anyone can use and that are available to all without charge (ex: National security and education)

Representative Democracy

a form of government where voters elect representatives to make decisions and pass laws on behalf of all the people instead of allowing people to vote directly on laws.

Social Capital

connections with others and the willingness to interact and aid them

Toll Good

a good that is available to many people but is used only by those who can pay the price to do so

Totalitarianism

a form of government where government is all-powerful and citizens have no rights.

(Ex: North Korea)

Capitalism

relies on individualism and successful capitalists prefer political systems over which they can exert at least some influence in order to maintain their liberty.

Socialism

factories, larger farms, and banks are owned by the government and not by private individuals. They gaver the wealth and redistributes it to citizens.

Constitutional Monarchy

Civic Engagement

whether through voting, demonstrating, speaking out on important issues, or other means - is vital to a thriving and effective republic.

Theocracy

the country’s government is controlled by a religious leader, and the country’s laws are overwhelmingly based in religious law.

Tradeoffs Perspective

acknowledges that competing interests compete for government influence, whether elitism or pluralism.

Forms of individual civic engagement:

• Voting

• contacting elected officials about issues

• staying informed about current events

• giving to a political campaign

forms of civic engagement in groups:

• Discussing issues

• Working for a political campaign

• Volunteering or fundraising for an organization that
  shares one’s goals

• Registering people to vote

• Joining protests or marches

• Boycotting businesses that do not support one’s views