Biology practice

What do prokaryotes have?

Nucleoid

Where is DNA stored in prokaryotes?

Nucleoid

Eukaryotes have what that store DNA?

Nucleus

What does the nucleoid do?

Make ribosomes, sit in nucleus and no membrane

What do the peroxisomes do?

Collect and break down material

Ribosomes are in

Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes

What does the rough ER do?

accept mRNA to make proteins

What does the smooth ER do?

Detox and makes lipids

What does the Golgi apparatus do?

Modify/distribute proteins only in eukaryotes

Describe Vesicular Transport in Golgi apparatus

COP2 → Forward

COP1 → Return

Describe Cisternal Maturation

Vesicles travel in retrograde

Describe Cisternal Maturation 2

New Cis made Cis/medial/trans/exit

What are centrioles?

9 groups of microtubules; pulls chromosomes apart

What are lysosomes?

Demo and recycling center. Made by Golgi. Simple membrane

Plasmids are

carrying DNA in prokaryote

What is this?

Bacilli Rod

What is this?

Cocci Sphere

What is this?

Spirilla Spiral

What does Obligate Aerobe mean?

Requires O2

What does Obligate Anaerobe do?

Dies in O2

What do Facultative Anaerobe do?

Toggle between Aerobic and Anaerobic

What do Aerotolerant Anaerobe?

Does not use O2 but tolerates it

Gram positive is what color and what is special about it

It is purple, has thick peptidoglycan/lipeichoic acid cell wall

Gram negative is what color and what is special about it

It is pink, thin peptidoglycan cell wall and an outer membrane

ETC in mitochondria

Eukaryotic

Large ribosomes

Eukaryote

Reproduce via mitosis

Eukaryote

ETC in cell membrane

Prokaryote

Small ribosomes

Prokaryote

Reproduce via binary fusion

Prokaryote

Plasmids may have

Virulence factors

Plasmids that integrate into genome are

episomes

What is a viroid?

Plant pathogen

What are prions?

Infectious proteins and triggers misfiling alpha-helical → beta-pleated sheet

Prions decrease

solubility