FNS Midterm pt 2 (motivation)

Motivation

• inner force that activates or moves a person towards an achievement of a goal

• Needs → drives or motivators → achievement of goals

Motivation & work performance

• individuals who are blocked in attempts to satisfy their needs are often

  • withdrawn, aggressive, repressed, projecting, rationalization

Maslows needs hierarchy

• looks at the specific needs that drive individuals

  • physiological: needs of the bodu to sustain life

  • safety: protection of individuals from physical or psychological harm

  • social: needs for love, affection, belonging

  • esteem: feelings of self-respect and self-worth

  • self-actualization: desire to fill onces potential

McCleelands achievement-power-affiliation theory

• Based on the idea that everyone has 3 needs

  • achievement: seeking challenges and concern for personal achievement rathern than rewards

  • power: Enjoying competition with others and desires exercising power or influence over others

  • affiliation: wanting to be liked by others and establishing friendships

Herzbergs two factor theory

• motivators and mainenance factors

  • motivators: achievement, recognition, work itself, job advancement, growth opportunities

  • Hygiene factors: Relationships with others, company policies, physical workspaces, working conditions, salary, status, security, supervision

Similarities of maslow and herzbergs theories

• Maslow identifies the needs or motives

• herzberg provides insight into those goals

  • maslows physiological, safety and social needs are the maintenance factors

  • maslows self-actualization need is related to herzbergs motivational factors

Expectancy theory

• explains behaviour in terms of an individuals goals, choices and expectations of achieving those goals

• people who are motivated to work believe that their efforts will be rewarded and if they value the rewards

• valence - the value employees place on the rewards

  • needs high expectancy and high valence in order to have motivation

Reinforcement theory

• consequences of past actions influence future actions in a cyclical learning process

• classical conditioning

  • behaviour will be repeated when there is a positive consequence to the action