3.4 Cell Growth & Division

Cell Division: Mitosis, Cytokinesis || Interphase: G1, S, G2 || G1 -> S -> G2 -> Mitosis -> Cytokinesis

Cell Cycle

process of cellular reproduction that occurs in 2 main stages (interphase and cell division)

Interphase

first stage of the cell cycle where the cell grows and completes normal functions

G1 Phase

substage where the cell grows and completes normal functions

S Phase

substage where the DNA replicates

G2 Phase

substage where the cell prepares for division of the nucleus

Cell Division

last stage of the cell cycle (mitosis and cytokinesis)

Mitosis

division of the nucleus

Cytokinesis

division of the cytoplasm

DNA Replication

DNA molecule duplicates to make 2 identical copies

Centromere

cell structure that joins 2 sister chromatids

Chromatin

relaxed form of DNA in cell nucleus

Chromosome

condensed form of DNA in cell nucleus

Sister Chromatids

identical copies of DNA that form during DNA replication (2 identical chromosomes)

Apoptosis

pre-programmed cell death

Differentiation

becoming specialized in structure and function

Prophase (PMAT)

1st phase of mitosis (chromosomes become visible, nuclear membrane dissolves, spindle fibers form)

Metaphase (PMAT)

2nd stage of mitosis (chromosomes/chromatids line up in the middle of the cell)

Anaphase (PMAT)

3rd stage of mitosis (chromatids separate at the centromere and move in opposite directions)

Telophase (PMAT)

4th phase of mitosis (nuclear membrane reforms, chromosomes unravel, spindle fibers break down)

Cell Plate

forms during cell division to create new wall and membrane (plant cells only)

Cleavage Furrow

the area of the cell membrane that pinches in to separate two cells during cell division (animal cells only)

Spindle Fibers

structures that move the chromosomes during cell division