resources

Define natural resources.

Resources drawn from nature with few modifications.

Define water conservation.

The practice of using water efficiently to reduce unnecessary water usage.

How can we increase water supply? (3 ideas)

Dams/Reservoirs:

• Construction in valleys

• Expensive

• May disrupt people

Water transfer:

• Area of deficit → surplus

• Pipes can be expensive to replace

• Water is clean and safe

Desalinisation:

• Removal of salt and minerals from water

• Requires lots of technology

Why is demand for non-seasonal produce increasing?

• Rising expectation for year-round availability

• Higher disposable incomes for premium, exotic, or imported food

Define food miles.

The distance that food travels.

Define carbon footprint.

The measure of greenhouse gases produced from our actions.

What are the impacts of water insecurity? (3 points)

• Water-borne diseases (cholera) more common

• Industries use excessive amounts - future conflict over water?

• Pollution of water

Why are food, water, and energy important?

Food - Increases productivity and satisfies our nourishment needs

Water - Expensive for LICS to maintain, however it is critical for survival

Energy - Essential for activity

HICs consume // gallons of water per capita.

150

LICS consume // gallons of water per capita.

5

What has led to an increase in water demand/consumption?

An increasing population

What factors affect water availability?

• Money

• Carelessness

• Population

• Rainfall amounts

Case Study: Where can we see a large-scale water transfer scheme? Why was it needed? Facts?

China SNWTP

Why needed: North (Beijing) in deficit but has 45% of population

• Worlds most costly water transfer scheme

• Three routes: eastern, central, western - from the Yangtze River

• 12 trillion gallons moved per year

• Cost over $62 billion

• Over 300,000 people displaced

• Reduces stress on groundwater

Case Study: Where can we see a small-scale gravity-fed water transfer scheme? Why was it needed? Facts?

Hitosa, Ethiopia

Why needed: Unreliable water sources - e.g. dirty rivers

• Water taken from springs from the top of Mount Bada

• Water flows through 140km of pipes due to gravity to lowland areas

• 100 public water points

• Twenty years later - still sustainable with no misuse of funds

• Costly to replace pipes after it’s 30yr lifetime

• Supplies 67k people with purified water