SLP 342 - Practice Questions

if I pick up a pencil and move it 4 inches to the right. I pick up the same pencil and move it 4 inches to the left, but in half the time as the first movement, what can you say about these two situations?

the momentum of the pencil was greater when moving to the left and the power used was also greater when moving the pencil to the left

blowing more and more air into a ballon will…

increase the density of air molecules and increase pressure inside the balloon

which of newton’s laws of motion explains why muscle force will produce movement of body parts?

newton’s second law

which of newton’s laws can show us how much force is needed to move the articulators based on their mass?

newton’s first law

smaller vocal folds will exert ____ inertia compared to larger vocal folds.

less

define vibration and equilibrium…

vibration is a rapid back-and-forth motion and equilibrium is when all the forces acting on an object are balanced which keeps the object steady (net force = 0)

explain a cycle of vibration, accounting for displacement and restorative forces, and equilibrium…

vibration starts when displacement forces push an object away from its equilibrium position. restorative forces act on the object to pull it back to equilibrium.

what is a mechanical wave and pulse wave?

a mechanical wave is a repeating disturbance and a pulse wave is a single disturbance

describe the mechanics of a longitudinal pressure wave (compressions and rarefactions)…

in a longitudinal wave, particles of a medium oscillate back and forth (parallel to the direction of the wave). particles that are pushed together create areas of compressions and particles that are spread apart create areas of rarefactions

how is energy transferred in a sound wave?

energy is transferred by the back-and-forth ossilations of particle movement

define frequency and period, and explain their relationship…

the frequency is the number of complete cycles in one second (Hz) while the period is the time it takes to complete each cycle. the frequency and period are inversely related

how are pressure and amplitude related to intensity?

intensity and pressure are proportional to the square of the amplitude

how do we measure intensity? why is a logarithmic scale used?

intensity is measured in watts and since the range is wide, logs are used (dB)

what factors do/do not influence the speed of a sound wave?

speed is determined by the medium’s properties (frequency does not affect speed)

how does pitch relate to fundamental frequency (f0)?

pitch and fundamental frequency are directly related