Head and Neck Anatomy Practice Final Exam

Another term for the back of an area is:

Posterior

Facing toward the head and away from the feet is:

Superior

The midline ridge on the hard palate is the:

Median palatine raphe

A term for cheek or towards the cheek is:

Buccal

The external ear is a prominent feature in which region?

Temporal region

The lips are outlined from the surrounding skin by a transition zone called the:

Vermillion border

The foramen located between the mandibular 1st and 2nd premolars is the:

Mental foramen

The foramen in the occipital bone that carries the spinal cord is the:

Foramen magnum

Which foramen is on the internal surface of the ramus and is a landmark for the inferior alveolar injection in local anesthesia?

Mandibular foramen

The concave structure on the anterior border of the ramus that is an important landmark for the inferior alveolar injection is the:

Coronoid notch

The first cervical vertebra that articulates with the occipital bone is the:

Atlas

The foramen located just posterior to the maxillary central incisors is the:

Incisive foramen

The horizontal plate of the ethmoid bone that contains foramina for the olfactory nerves in the:

Cribriform plate

The foramen magnum is located in which cranial bone?

Occipital bone

Which facial bone (not process) forms the cheek bone or malar surfaces?

Zygomatic bone

Which muscle is involved in smiling?

Risorius

The muscle that makes up the anterior portion of the cheek is the:

Buccinator muscle

What are the muscles of mastication?

• Masseter Muscle

• Temporalis Muscle

• Medial Pterygoid Muscle

• Lateral Pterygoid Muscle

Which muscle lifts the clavicle and scapula, allowing you to shrug your shoulders?

Trapezius Muscle

The portion of the muscle attached to the least movable structure is the:

Origin

The muscles of the mouth region are innervated by which cranial nerve?

VII cranial nerve - Facial Nerve

Which muscle allows you to bend and flex your head and neck?

Sternocleidomastoid muscle

The TMJ is innervated by which cranial nerve?

V cranial nerve

Which portion of the mandible articulates with the temporal bone to form the TMJ?

Condyle of the mandible

The internal carotid artery supplies which artery?

Intracranial structures

The blood supply to the muscles of mastication (deep temporal, pterygoid and masseteric arteries) is from which artery?

Maxillary artery

Which of the following arteries provides the most reliable pulse in the body?

Carotid pulse

Which of the following is a bruise, when a blood vessel is injured and blood escapes in the surrounding tissue and clot?

Hematoma

The connecting channels between blood vessels are called:

Anastomosis

Which vein drains the majority of the tissues from the head and neck?

Internal Jugular Vein

One reason dental infections can lead to serous complications is due to:

Most veins of the head and neck do not have valves to control the flow of blood, which allows dental infections to travel freely

Of the three major salivary glands, which one produces the most saliva?

Submandibular Salivary Gland

The parotid salivary gland produces what type of saliva?

Serous type saliva

Of the three major salivary glands, which one is the largest?

Parotid Salivary Gland

The endocrine gland that regulates calcium and phosphorus levels in the body is the:

Parathyroid hormone

Cranial nerve VII is called the:

Facial nerve

Cranial nerve V is called the:

Trigeminal nerve

The nerve that innervates the submandibular and sublingual salivary gland is which cranial nerve?

Cranial Nerve VII - Facial Nerve

The nerve that innervates the tongue muscles is the:

Cranial nerve XII - Hypoglossal

Cranial nerve IX is called the:

Glossopharyngeal

Which cranial nerve is the largest?

Cranial nerve V - Trigeminal

Which cranial nerve innervates the muscles of the neck (sternocleidomastoid and trapezius)?

Cranial nerve XI - Accessory

Facial paralysis on one side of the face where the facial nerve is affected by an unknown cause an onset is abrupt is known as what?

Bell’s Palsy

A sensory nerve that carries information to the brain such as taste and pain would be considered which type of nerve?

Afferent nerve

The infraorbital nerve is a branch of which division of the trigeminal nerve?

Maxillary division

Which division of the trigeminal nerve enters through the foramen ovale?

Mandibular division

A motor nerve that carries information away from the brain to the muscles to activate them would be considered which type of nerve?

Efferent nerve

The trigeminal nerve is afferent, efferent, both, or neither?

Both

Which of the following nerves supplies the muscles of facial expression, lacrimal gland, and submandibular salivary glands?

Cranial nerve VII - Facial nerve

The deep cervical lymph nodes are located along which muscle?

Sternocleidomastoid muscle

What are the characteristics of lymph nodes?

Bean-shaped bodies grouped in clusters along the connecting lymphatic vessels; in health - small and mobile, generally unable to palpate; prevent toxic products from getting into blood stream

The cervical lymph nodes located at the border of the ramus of the mandible that drain all of the teeth except the mandibular incisors and maxillary 3rd molars are the:

Submandibular lymph nodes

The endocrine gland that secretes thyroxine directly into the blood is the:

Thyroid gland

Most of the epithelial tissue in the body is stratified epithelium, true or false.

True

By weight, the most abundant type of basic tissue in the body is connective tissue, true or false.

True

The structure located between the epithelium and connective tissue is the basement membrane, true or false.

True

The tissue that is made up of a single layer of epithelial cells is unstratified epithelium, true or false.

True

The most common type of cell found in connective tissue is:

Fibroblast

Which cell produces cartilage tissue?

Chondroblasts

Growth from deep within the tissue by the mitosis of cells, expanding the tissue, is known as:

Interstitial growth

What cell forms bone?

Osteoblasts

What are the characteristics of epithelial tissue?

• Closely grouped polyhedral cells surrounded by very little or no intercellular substance or tissue fluid

• Highly regenerative

• Avascular - no blood supply

What is the most common type of epithelium found in the oral cavity?

Nonkeratinized

Linea alba is an example of what type of epithelium?

Hyperkeratinized

Bone resorption is accomplished by which cell?

Osteoclasts

Overall, there is a higher tissue renewal rate for oral mucosa than skin, true or false.

True

What type of mucosa is on the soft palate?

Lining mucosa

What type of mucosa is on the hard palate?

Masticatory mucosa

Sulcular epithelium is generally what type of keratinized tissue?

Nonkeratinized

The 3 major salivary glands develop from what type of lining?

Ectodermal lining of primitive mouth

What is most likely to be involved in the fatal spread of dental infections?

Cavernous Sinus Thrombus

What are the characteristics of attached gingiva?

• Appearance - opaque pink, dull, form, immobile; melanin and stippling possible

• Epithelium - thick and keratinized (mainly perakeratinized, some orthokeratinized)

• Lamina propria - tall, narrow connective tissue papillae; very vascular; serves as mucoperiosteum to bone

• Submucosa - NOT present

The portion or the epithelium that is attached to the tooth is the:

Junctional epithelium

Inflammation of the bone marrow is known as:

Osteomyelitis