Family Nurse Practitioner Clinical Study Guide Flashcards

Vocabulary flashcards covering common clinical labs, normal ranges, significances, and primary primary care diagnoses and medications for the Family Nurse Practitioner.

WBC

Normal range is $4.5–11.0\,K/\mu L$. Indicates infection or inflammation.

RBC (Female)

Normal range is $4.2–5.4\,\text{million}/\mu L$. Indicates oxygen carrying capacity.

Hemoglobin (Female)

Normal range is $12–16\,g/dL$. Indicates anemia or polycythemia.

Hematocrit (Female)

Normal range is $36–46\%$. Indicates blood concentration.

Platelets

Normal range is $150,000–400,000/\mu L$. Indicates clotting.

Sodium

Normal range is $135–145\,mEq/L$. Indicates fluid balance.

Potassium

Normal range is $3.5–5.0\,mEq/L$. Indicates cardiac or muscle function.

Chloride

Normal range is $98–106\,mEq/L$. Indicates acid-base balance.

CO2/Bicarbonate

Normal range is $22–29\,mEq/L$. Indicates acid-base status.

Glucose (fasting)

Normal range is $70–99\,mg/dL$. Used for diabetes screening.

BUN

Normal range is $7–20\,mg/dL$. Indicates kidney function.

Creatinine

Normal range is $0.6–1.3\,mg/dL$. Indicates kidney function.

Calcium

Normal range is $8.5–10.5\,mg/dL$. Indicates bone or neuromuscular function.

Total Cholesterol

Normal range is <$200\,mg/dL$. Indicates cardiovascular risk.

LDL

Normal range is <$100\,mg/dL$. Known as bad cholesterol.

HDL (Female)

Normal range is >$50\,mg/dL$. Known as protective cholesterol.

Triglycerides

Normal range is <$150\,mg/dL$. Indicates pancreatitis or CV risk.

TSH

Normal range is $0.4–4.0\,mIU/L$. Indicates thyroid function.

Free T4

Normal range is $0.8–1.8\,ng/dL$. Indicates thyroid hormone level.

Troponin

Normal range is <$0.04\,ng/mL$. Indicates cardiac injury.

BNP

Normal range is <$100\,pg/mL$. Heart failure marker.

PT

Normal range is $11–13.5\,\text{sec}$. Indicates extrinsic clotting pathway.

INR

Normal range is $0.8–1.1$. Used for Warfarin monitoring.

aPTT

Normal range is $25–35\,\text{sec}$. Indicates intrinsic clotting pathway.

Specific Gravity

Normal range is $1.005–1.030$. Indicates hydration status.

Protein (Urinalysis)

Normal range is Negative. Signifies kidney disease if present.

Glucose (Urinalysis)

Normal range is Negative. Signifies diabetes if present.

Ketones (Urinalysis)

Normal range is Negative. Signifies DKA or starvation if present.

Nitrites (Urinalysis)

Normal range is Negative. Signifies gram-negative bacteria if present.

Leukocyte Esterase

Normal range is Negative. Used as a UTI indicator.

pH (ABG)

Normal range is $7.35–7.45$. Indicates acid-base balance.

PaCO2

Normal range is $35–45\,mmHg$. Indicates respiratory status.

HCO3 (ABG)

Normal range is $22–26\,mEq/L$. Indicates metabolic status.

PaO2

Normal range is $80–100\,mmHg$. Indicates oxygenation.

O2 Saturation

Normal range is $95–100\%$. Indicates oxygenation.

Hypertension

Common Medications: Lisinopril, Losartan, Amlodipine, HCTZ. Pearls: Monitor renal function and potassium.

Type 2 Diabetes

Common Medications: Metformin, Semaglutide, Empagliflozin. Pearls: Monitor A1C and kidney function.

Hyperlipidemia

Common Medications: Atorvastatin, Rosuvastatin. Pearls: Monitor liver enzymes.

Asthma

Common Medications: Albuterol, Fluticasone. Pearls: Assess rescue inhaler use.

COPD

Common Medications: Tiotropium, Symbicort. Pearls: Smoking cessation is key.

Depression

Common Medications: Sertraline, Escitalopram. Pearls: Monitor for suicidality.

GERD

Common Medications: Omeprazole, Famotidine. Pearls: Lifestyle changes important.

UTI

Common Medications: Nitrofurantoin, TMP-SMX. Pearls: Culture if recurrent.

Acne

Common Medications: Tretinoin, Doxycycline. Pearls: Avoid retinoids in pregnancy.