2.5 Culture (Hofstede Tool)

Hofstede’s Cultural Dimensions

A framework used to understand the differences in culture across countries and how they impact business management.

Power Distance Index (PDI)

The degree to which less powerful members of a culture accept and expect that power is distributed unequally.

Individualism vs. Collectivism

The extent to which people feel independent, as opposed to being interdependent as members of larger wholes.

Uncertainty Avoidance (UAI)

The extent to which a culture programs its members to feel either uncomfortable or comfortable in unstructured situations.

Masculinity vs. Femininity

A dimension where "Masculine" cultures value competition and "Feminine" cultures value consensus and quality of life.

Long-term Orientation (LTO)

How a society maintains some links with its own past while dealing with the challenges of the present and future.

Indulgence vs. Restraint

The degree to which a society allows relatively free gratification of natural human desires related to enjoying life.