World History 2nd Semester Final Exam Study Guide

How did the Colombian Exchange affect the lives of Europeans?

New sources of food improved their diet and led to a population increase.

Which of the following motivated 15th century European monarchs to find a sea route to Asia?

To eliminate the high cost of trading with Italian merchants.

Where did Christopher Columbus expect to land?

In the islands of East Asia.

Which statement describes the Middle Passage?

The segment of the triangular trade route that brought enslaved Africans to the New World.

Who made first contact with the Aztec civilization, which controlled the lands and much of the wealth of Central Mexico?

Hernando Cortes

Why was Portugal the first western European nation to travel to India by sea?

The Portuguese royal family invested large sums of money in naval exploration.

Which of the following groups experienced a significant increase in economic power with the rise of capitalist economies?

Merchants

How did European colonization help create capitalist economies?

Colonization increased the world's money supply and products to buy.

What country did The Treaty of Tordesillas allow to colonize lands west of the treaty line?

Spain

The Spanish land grant system, or ______________________, relied on the hard work of Native Americans.

Encomienda

All of the following technological advancements made it possible for European sailors to reach the Far East EXCEPT:

GPS system

In which field did enslaved Africans have the most significant impact in the New World?

Music

The mixing of African, European, and Native American populations is the most evident in modern-day

Brazil

Who was the Spanish conquistador who conquered the Incan Empire?

Francisco Pizarro

What is mercantilism?

An economic policy increasing wealth and power by obtaining large amounts of gold and silver and selling more goods than are bought.

All of the following are weaknesses of the Aztec Empire that Cortes used to his advantage in defeating Montezuma II EXCEPT:

Greater material wealth.

How were the institutions of slavery and indentured servitude different?

Indentured servants came to the Americas voluntarily and worked for an employer for a certain period, while African slaves were brought to the Americas against their will and were slaves for life.

The first 10 ammendments of the US Constitution which protect citizen's basic rights and freedoms is called the:

The Bill of Rights

What was Galileo's most famous invention for space observation?

Telescope

Who wrote the Declaration of Independence?

Thomas Jefferson

True/False - Enlightened despots maintained their absolute power while making changes based on the philosophies of the time on a political and social level.

True

Which act made trade between the American colonies and any other country besides Britain difficult and more expensive.

Navigation Acts

Like the Reformation, the Scientific Revolution was another break with

Religious teachings

The heliocentric theory stated that the _________ was the center of the universe.

Sun

What are measures designed to prevent any one branch of government from dominating the others?

Checks and balances

How did Voltaire's ideas influence modern governments?

Freedom of religion

Who published On the Revolution of the Celestial Spheres?

Nicholas Copernicus

All of the following are the natural rights listed by John Locke EXCEPT:

Pursuit of Happiness

Who believed that people are naturally good?

John Locke

What dos the social contract theory state?

People agree to give up some freedoms for the common good.

In creating his population theory, Thomas Malthus was influenced by the policy of _________________, which states that a government should not regulate business.

Laissez-faire

What was a machine that generated electricity by moving through a copper wire coil called?

Dynamo

How did the agricultural directly affect industrialization in Great Britain?

With fewer farmers working the land, the rural populations could move to cities.

How did some women respond to their government's continuous denial of women's suffrage?

They went on hunger strikes after being arrested for destruction of public property.

According to supporters of utilitarianism, what is a good government?

One that create policies benefiting the greatest number of people.

Which groups joined the upper class as a result of the British Industrial Revolution?

Factory owners and bankers

Which aspect of mass production allows a broken machine to be fixed quickly using an identical item?

Interchangeable parts

Which ammendment gave women the right to vote?

19th

How are socialism and communism similar?

both believe that capitalism leads to poor working and living conditions

Which of the following resulted from 19th century workers joining labor unions?

The working week was shortened.

In the Communist Manifesto, ________________ and Friedrich Engels stated that capitalist societies would eventually tear themselves apart as workers and owners fought over the control of wealth.

Karl Marx

Which invention by Eli Whitney allowed agricultural production to increase significantly in the American South and fueled the British textile industry?

The cotton gin

Early automobiles were expensive to manufacture until ____________________ introduced an assembly line in his factory that made use of standard and interchangeable automobile parts.

Henry Ford

Why did Germany industrialize at a later date than Great Britain or the United States?

Germany was politically separated into many smaller states.

Whose steam engine revolutionized transportation and industrialization?

James Watt

Which aspect of Charles Darwin's theory of evolution is the most controversial?

It suggests that humans evolved from earlier life forms instead of being created.

Which business first made use of the locomotive?

mining

Which theory states that laws should be ignored and governments should be eliminated?

Anarchism

Which statement accurately describes the effect of imperialism during the 19th century?

International competition for colonial markets increased.

According to Sigmiund Freud, what causes mental illness?

Suppressed memories of unpleasant experiences.

How did the Industrial revolution change the lives of middle class British women?

They began to attend college to train for careers as teachers.

Which group remained in the lower class of British society despite the wealth generated from the Industrial Revolution?

Textile workers

What are shares of ownership in a company called?

stocks

The group of workers, that were named in Marxist theory, who overthrew the czar and came to rule is Russia was called the:

proletariat

What is the goal of indoctrination and propaganda?

To mold people's minds into a certain way of thinking.

How were Fascists different from Communists?

Fascists were nationalists.

True/False - Stalin monitored the private communication of Soviet citizens.

True

Which African country did Italy invade?

Ethiopia

What was one difference between the Bolsheviks and the Mensheviks?

The Mensheviks were more moderate.

True/False - The Weimar Republic was weak.

True

What did the Nazis do to fix the German economy?

They gave the government authority over business.

Which of the following actions did Mussolini take after he became Italy's leader?

He used terror and violence to enforce his policies.

Which of the Following characteristics caused problems in the US economy?

A decrease in consumer spending.

How did the British advise the French to respond to the german invasion of the Rhineland?

To give into Germany's aggression in order to keep peace.

Which of the following was true about the Schutzstaffel (SS)?

It was loyal only to Hitler.

Which of the following was a result of the Munich Conference?

Britain and France agreed to Hitler's demands.

What is the purpose of religious persecution in a totalitarian regime?

To create greater reliances of the state leaders.

Which of the following occurred after the US raised tariffs?

World trade decreased.

How was Japan's response to the Great Depression different form the response of European nations?

The Japanese restored a traditional control of government to the military.

Why were many of the Russian people attracted to Lenin and the Bolsheviks?

The Bolsheviks promised peace, land, and bread.

What was the main drawback of Stalin's Five-Year Plans?

They limited the production of consumer goods.

Which group decides what is produced in a command economy?

Government

The American policy of ____________________ and the British policy of _________________________ made it easier for the Germans to pursue aggression in Europe in the 1930s.

Isolationism; appeasement

On August 23, 1939, Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union signed a ___________________________.

Nonaggression pact

Why was Leon Trotsky no longer a threat to Stalin's rise to power?

Trotsky was sent into exile.

Why was Stalin able to retain his position of Power in the Communist Party?

He was unopposed.

Leaders of the Duma established a ______________________ government, headed by Alexander Kerensky, after the March Revolution.

provisional

What was Hitler's first plan to rid Germany of its Jewish population?

He wanted the Jews to emigrate to other places.

Which of the following is a way that the US tried to stop Japan's aggression in the Pacific?

The US cut off oil shipments to Japan.

What caused the end of the war between the US and Japan?

The atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki.

Which of the following is a reason that Stalin agreed to sign a nonaggression pact with Hitler?

The West had excluded Stalin from the Munich Conference.

What battle victory turned the tide of the war against Japan?

Battle of Midway

Why did the Communist Party briefly become popular in Italy and France at the end of WWII?

People were looking for a change in government.

Why was the Battle of the Bulge so important to the Allies in WWII?

The war in Europe quickly came to an end after the Allies won this battle.

What was the key element of the "Final Solution"?

The Nazis built gas chambers in the extermination camps.

What did MacArthur do in Japan to help address the needs of Japan's economy?

He broadened land ownership.

Why did the Allies need to be rescued at Dunkirk?

The Nazis backed them to the sea.

Why were the Nazis ultimately defeated in Stalingrad?

The Nazi soldiers were not prepared for the cold Russian winters.

Which statement is true about the homefront in the US during WWII?

Only half of the nation's economy was directed towards making products for the war effort.

What did Hitler plan to do first in his attack against Great Britain?

Disable the Royal Air Force.

Which of the following statements is true about the D-Day invasion?

The Allied troops had to fight their way onto a 60-mile beach.

Why did Japan have a continued US military presence after the US occupation officially ended?

Japan had no armed forces.

Why did Hitler decide to temporarily turn his attention away from Great Britain in late 1940?

The British had put up too much of a resistance.

What event placed the United States in an unofficial war with Hitler?

A German U-boat fired on a destroyer in the Atlantic.

What was the first place invaded by Germany using their newest military startegy?

Poland

______________________ was an event that marked a major step up in the Nazi policy of Jewish persecution.

Kristallnacht

True/False: Some Germans blamed Jews for their country's defeat in WWI.

True

Which of the following best defines blitzkrieg?

A rapid, coordinated military attack using air power and ground forces to quickly overwhelm the enemy.

What were the laws called that were passed by Hitler that targeted the Jewish people?

Nuremberg Laws