AH Biology - Unit 1 - KA2(a) - The Proteome

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Last updated 4:27 PM on 4/17/26
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4 Terms

1
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What is the proteome?

The proteome is the entire set of proteins expressed by a genome.

2
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Why is the proteome much larger than the number of genes?

The proteome is much larger than the number of genes (particularly in eukaryotes) because more than one protein can be produced from a single gene by alternative RNA splicing.

3
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What do non-coding RNA genes do?

Non-coding RNA genes do not code for proteins. These genes include genes that are transcribed to produce tRNA, rRNA, and RNA molecules that control gene expression of other genes.

4
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What can the set of proteins produced by each cell type do?

The set of proteins expressed by each cell type can vary over time and under different environmental conditions. Factors affecting sets of proteins expressed by a cell include:

  • Metabolic activity of the cell

  • Cellular stress

  • Responding to signalling molecules

  • Whether the cell is diseased or not