Midterm 1: Important Info

Temple of Jupiter, Capitoline Hill

509 BC. Tuscanic-style temple with terracotta decoration. Symbolizes the merge of Etruscan, Greek, and Roman culture. It belongs to the Monarchy period but was inaugurated in 509 BC, marking the beginning of the Republic

Classical Style

Features: balance, contrapposto, pondus, frontal viewpoint, idealized body, calm expression. Classical art presents the body as controlled, harmonious, and perfected

Doryphoros

By Polykleitos, 5th century BC model. Roman copy after Greek bronze original. Shows contrapposto, frontal viewpoint, and vertical balance, or pondus

Discobolus

By Myron, mid 5th century BC model. Roman copy after Greek bronze original. Shows an athlete in motion, but the body is still ideal, controlled, and balanced

Mid-Italic Style

Roman and Italic style of the 2nd and 1st centuries BC. Features: verism, realism, descriptive detail, social identity. Used by soldiers, professionals, public figures, and liberti, meaning freed people

Libertine Couple

Late 1st century BC. Tomb relief. Mid-Italic style. Shows freed people Aulus Pinarius Anteros and Oppia Myrsine. Realistic and expressive faces communicate age, social status, and life achievement

General from Tivoli

75 to 50 BC, Palazzo Massimo. Late Republican portrait. Eclectic style: realistic Mid-Italic head plus idealized Greek or Hellenistic heroic body

Suiciding Gaul

Hellenistic style. Palazzo Altemps. Roman marble copy after a lost bronze original from Pergamon, mid 3rd century BC, created after King Attalus defeated the Galati. Features: movement, pain, multiple viewpoints, kairos, storytelling, viewer interaction

44 BC

Caesar murdered

31 BC

Actium

27 BC

Augustus becomes princep

9 BC

Ara Pacis inaugurated. Augustus uses art and architecture to create a new political language of peace, order, piety, and dynastic legitimacy

Four Pompeian Styles

2nd century BC to 79 AD

First Pompeian Style

Villa of Ariadne, Stabiae (fake marble)

Second Pompeian Style

Villa of Boscoreale (illusionistic architecture)

Third Pompeian Style

Villa of Poppaea in Oplontis (flat wall with delicate decoration)

Fourth Pompeian Style

House of the Vettii, Pompeii (fantasy architecture mixing Second and Third)