[C.2] wallpaper and coatings/fillers/finishes

washables

cheap vinyls. can be washed or gently scrubbed but not with abrasives. harder to remove than standard papers because it is usually hung with a paste containing anti-fungicide due to its impervious surface

vinyl

use adhesive that don't contain water. joined with butt joints as vinyl does not stick to itself. usually has an obv sheen. light tints are affected by fumes from such things as ciggs or gas fires bc they react w the PVC coating and discolors it. easy to strip

grasscloth/ burlap

one of the most expensive and exclusive of the natural types. dried grass is woven together before being stuck to a paper backing. fragile and difficult to clean. stays stiff while pasting to the wall. requires a felt covered roller rather than a brush for hanging. edged may have tendebcy tonlift and curl and stain easily

true vinyl

has FABRIC SUBSTRATE laminated with a solid vinyldecorative surface. comes in a variety of weights. decorative layer is printed on the coating. BREATHEABLE wallpaper wc makes it best to use in low moidture rooms like living areas

lining

used to prepare walls and ceilings for painting or papering. should be hung in the opposite direction to the top paper

unpasted

adhesive must be applied accdng to the instructions on the label. this adhesive is usually applied to the wall and not the paper. steam and water resistant

relief

has a raised texture that you can feel

ingrain papers

aka WOODCHIP. contains small chios of wood. cimes in varying degrees of coarseness and is normally used to hide defects in walls and ceilings. cheap and effective in giving any room a facelift.

anaglypta

made from heavy white paper backed with another layer of ordinary wood pulp and embossed while damp so pronounced relief patterns remain when hung. normally painted over. usual patterns are bubbles, squared, swirls etc

lincrusta

more rigid material made from a solid paper backing, coated with putty like mixture of linseed oil and filler. low relief material pressed while still soft into patterns and textures and other effects resembling tiles and wood paneling

anaglypta and lincrusta

trade names for wallcoverings whose patterns and textures are formed entirely by surface embossing to various depths or reliefs

vinyl coated

most common type of wallpaper, made of paper but with protective coat of vinyl (acrylic or pvc). ideal for kitchens, bathrooms or wherever kids or pets mught brush against a wall. printed with special inks or dyes wc fuse with the surface. scrubbable and strippable

hand printed

untrimmed and come from small exclusive outlets. surface get easily damaged, needs special gloves to prevent fingermarks. fixed to the wall using a felt roller.

ready pasted or pre pasted

designed for diy market. backed with adhesive coating and supplied with a plastic trough. must be soaked in water immediately before hanging to activate the paste. more expensive than standard papers and are easy to peel off

rotogravure printing

uses copper covered steel rollers. patternnis cut into the roller by an incised process. depth of each incision determines the value of the color. ach roller just carries one color, but can print varying shades of that color. creates a technically consistent, flat machined-look and feel

silk-screen printing

purely mechanized or partly by hand. originally meant as a substitute to the painstaking method of block printing. designs are applied by individual screens. it utilizes one screen for each color in the design. coloe squeezed ir brushed through the cut out portion of the screen onto the wallpaper

wood block

each motif in a repeat is imprinted by hand-pressing a separate wooden block engraved with a portion of a pattern in the proper position. a wooden frame the full size of a pattern repeat is made for each color of the pattern

embossed

papers that have relief pattern which are often colored and gold/silver leafed

fakes and fantasies

made to look like many materials other than paper. fake fabric, flock, hessian, linen-look papers, moire, fake leathers

flock

one of the oldest forms of wallpaper. made to look and feel like the alternate raise and flat pile pattern of velvet. hand made by dusting or blowing minute particles of wool, silk or synthetic fibers onto an adhesive backing

hessian

clean textured, scandinavian feeling

moire

paper is subtly shaded to look like watered silk or shot taffeta

foil papers

has thin metal coating and is highly reflective. some people call it by the brand name MYLAR. shows imperfections and wrinkles easily.

wood grain papers

photographically printed to resemble a variety of wood types

marble papers

same process as wood grain papers. sometimes handmade so that individuality of color and minimal pattern puts them a completely different class

wood veneer

silvers of wood woven together with cotton and applied to a paper backing

polishes

come in either spirit-base (liquid or solid wax) or in emulsion (suspended in water)

sealers

oil resinous containing oil and slower to dry or polyurethane in one can or two can form. urea formaldehyde contains an scid hardener is sometimes used instead

stains

available in wood tones and colors like blue, red, green.

oleo-resinous

seal that partly soaks into the grain or surface. it moves with the wood

oil wood stains

pigments are derived from various earth clays. after they are dissolved in linseed oil, coloring particles remain susended between the oil molecules

polyurethane seals

a seal that forms a hard skin on top. have a tendency to crack

fillers

basically used for wood. to cover holes, cracks and other imperfections in the wood, plaster or any construction surface before actual finishing

paste fillers

composed of silex (stone dust), japan dryer, linseed oil, turpentine, and sometimes colors ground in oil filler is applied with the grain and dried flat for 10 mins. this requiresabout 24 houes drying before it can be sanded

crack fillers

plastic wood putty, stick shellac etc. used for filling nail holes, cracks and dents

turpentine

ground oil color thinner used for spreading the color particles over large surfaces

water stains

made from aniline dyes and mineral extracts which have been dissolved in hot water. safest to use since it can be sealed without any chemical reaction

spirit or alcohol stain

mixed with alcohol-solution anilyne powders and warmed alcohol

shellac

made by refining SEED LAC and denatured alcohol. orange is its natural color, white is obtained by bleaching

polishes

come in either spirit-based (liquid/ solid wax) wherein over application can lead to slippery build up of dirt; or emulsion (suspended in water) which are stronger and longer lasting and can improve the look of worn marble or stone

stains

available in wood tones, and in colors like blue, red, green. there are various chemical dyes and water-based or spirit based formulas

oil wood stain

pigments are derived from various earth clays. after they are dissolved in linseed oil, the coloring particles remain susended between the oil molecules

turpentine

(for oil wood stains) to spread the color particles over large surfaces, the ground oil color is thinned with what?

water stain

made from aniline dyes and mineral extracts which have been dissolved in hot water. it is safest to use since it can be sealed without any chemical reaction

varnish

it is a resolution of resin in drying oil (oil varnish) or in volatile solvent such as alcohol or turpentine (spirit varnish). CONTAINS NO PIGMENT and hardens into smooth, hard and glossy coat by the oxidation of oil or by the eveporation of the alcohol. it should never be applied when the weather is moist or humid

4-24 hours

drying time for varnish

faux painting techniques

painting techniques such as spongeing, ragging, dragging, colorwashing etc used to simulate cloths, woods, metals, etc

spongeing

adds texture to the walls by addibg multiple layers of color in a random pattern, building an intricat dimension that lebds visual interest to the walls. it's also the quickest, easiest and most versatile of all the faux painting techniques

ragging

produces a delicate, fabric-like texture with a soft variegated appearance; creates an intimate mood. it uses the simple technique of rag rolling

dragging

creates a feeling of elegant silk fabric or wallpaper. used to portray a luxurious look. achieved by pulling a dry brush or combing device through wet paint to reveal fine lines or pinstripes of the base color

colorwashing

lend themselves to a eudtic country look. works best with earthy colors, such as venetian red, raw sienna and other natural, soft colors

combing

a fun technique that creates a striated effect with paint and glaze. produces vertical lines that mimic the sheen of opulent silk. can also be used to create waves, horizontal stripes, or checkeeed patterns

spattering

simple and straightforward technique. can add depth to any painted object. can even be made to look like granite, but is very messy to execute and preferred on smaller objects

marbling

faux finish that offers an alternative solution to costly, genuine marble

stenciling

emplys the use of stencils to add texture , prints and designs to the wall

murals

painting on any large surface. usually done in public buildings, and emplyd many techniques among all the most well known is fresco, which uses water soluble paints with a damp lime wash

trompe l'oeil

"trick the eye". aka illusionism. murals that give the appearance of three dimensional or photographic realism

adhesive stains

stains that appear on the paper face, caused by bad pasting methods or poor papaer handling

allovers

floral foliage, or scroll patterns, covering the entire paper

appliques

applied or laid on, as figures cut from paper and laid onto another paper

bleeding

the appearance of one color ro another

blisters or bubbles

means that the paper is not flat on the substrate and has pockets of air trapped behind. it is caused by under soaking or nit evenly brushing paste, or insufficient smoothing while handling

color run

amount of rolls produced of a single color combination at one time

commemorative

designs that memorialize a historic event

companion papers

a set of designs and colors to be used together in the same or adjacent areas

documentary

a design based on a document, an old paper, or a dabric dating from an earlier century

double cut wallpaper seam

installation technique where two strips of paper are overlapped, while a cut is made through the center of the overlapped seam and the excess paper is removed

flexography

the printing surface is made of rubber, cut in relief

flocks

finely powdered silk, wool, or other fibers glued onto paper

foils

a thin sheet iof flexible metal on paper, transparent or opaque color, which can be printed

gaufranes

papee printed from copper plates, leaving the design slightly impressed

gilding

achieved by printing an adhesive to the areas that are to tske the metal dust. aka silvering

ground

raw stock in which a coat of pigment is applied bedfore the top colors are put on

hand blocked

a process of printing with blocks; in which a separate blocknis needed for each color

handprints

produced by hand screening

india

the trade name designating imported Chinese painted papers

lincrusta

widely used for imitating Spanish leather, ceramic tiles, and paneling

lusters

powdered over with ground up paints, or having a thin metallic glaze

murals

any kind of wall painting printed on paper

matching

wallpaper pattern matches including random match, straight match and drop match

overlapping

where one length enroaches on the next. it is caused by poor workmanship, insufficient soaking or missinh patches whilst pasting, which makes the paper swell unevenly

overstretch

where the paper is poorly matched, creased, polished or embossed papers are flattened. caused by bad paper handling and over brushing

panoramas

a series of papers with a comprehensive presentation of a subject or area in every direction

photogravure

a process of photographic separation using copper or steel cylinders

photomurals

an enlarged photograph used as a mural on the wall

scenic

a pictorial design continuing over several strips of paper

screen print

produced by the silk screen process

semi-scenic

having scenes spaced at intervals

single roll

containing 36 square feet of surface after trimming

starch paste

made from maize, corn, potato or wheat. it is in a powdered form, made to paste by adding water. it has a fungicide added during manufacture. has a tendency to mark the wallpaper so it is not commonly used. available in three types: cold water, hot water and dextrine

size

sealer used to prepare the wall before the paper is applied

vinyls

paper fused or coated with vinyl plastic, rendering it impervious to steam and damp

wallpaper halfdrop match

wallpaper repeat where DESIGN ELEMENTS RUN DIAGONALLY BETWEEN 3 STRIPS (across the wall) to complete the design

wallpaper pattern match

wallpaper pattern repeat refers to the VERTICAL DISTANCE BETWEEN ONE POINT TO ANOTHER IDENTICAL POINT on the wallpaper roll

wallpaper random match

wallpaper pattern will match FROM ROLL TO ROLL REGARDLESS OF HOW IT IS POSITIONED on the wall

wallpaper straight match

wallpaper design will MATCH AT THE SAME POSITION on each strip of paper