Erik Erikson's Stages of Psychosocial Development

Vocabulary-style flashcards covering the introductory concepts and the first two stages of human development according to Erik Erikson's psychosocial theory.

Erik Erikson

An ego psychologist who examined the impact of social experiences throughout an individual's life and theorized that psychosocial development occurs in $8$ sequential parts.

Psychosocial Development

A theory developed by Erik Erikson that describes how social experiences impact human development across a sequence of $8$ stages.

Stage $1$ - Infancy: Trust vs. Mistrust

The first stage of human development where infants learn to trust based on how caregivers meet basic needs and respond to their cries.

Trust vs. Mistrust Outcomes

When needs are met, infants learn relying on others is safe; when needs go unmet, they grow up to be less trusting.

Stage $2$ - Toddlerhood: Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt

The second stage of development, also known as independence versus dependence, where toddlers respond to caregiver encouragement or restriction.

Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt Outcomes

Toddlers develop self-efficacy if caregivers encourage exploration, or grow up with less confidence if caregivers hover excessively or encourage dependence.

Self-efficacy

A sense of confidence in one's abilities developed by toddlers when caregivers encourage autonomy and independent behavior.