Respiratory Pharmacology - Video Notes Flashcards

Vocabulary-style flashcards covering generic names, drug classes, mechanisms, indications, routes, and common adverse effects from the respiratory pharmacology lecture notes.

Albuterol (Proventil, Ventolin, ProAir)

A short-acting β2-adrenergic agonist (SABA) bronchodilator used as a rescue inhaler to rapidly relax bronchial smooth muscle; delivery by SVN or MDI for asthma/COPD; common side effects include tachycardia, tremor, palpitations, hypokalemia, anxiety.

Levalbuterol (Xopenex)

A selective SABA bronchodilator that stimulates β2 receptors to relax bronchial smooth muscle; rescue therapy for asthma/COPD; side effects: tachycardia, tremor, palpitations, hypokalemia, anxiety.

Racemic epinephrine (Vaponephrine)

Ultra-short-acting bronchodilator and vasoconstrictor (α, β-adrenergic agonist) used for acute bronchospasm, laryngeal edema, stridor, and croup; administered via SVN; adverse effects include tachycardia, arrhythmias, hypertension, peripheral vasoconstriction, hyperkalemia.

Salmeterol (Serevent)

Long-acting β2-adrenergic agonist (LABA) bronchodilator for maintenance therapy; not for acute episodes; often with corticosteroids; delivered via DPI; common side effects: tachycardia, tremor, palpitations, hypokalemia, anxiety.

Formoterol (Foradil, Perforomist)

LABA bronchodilator for maintenance (often with corticosteroids); delivered via DPI; not for acute episodes; side effects similar to other LABAs (tachycardia, tremor, palpitations, hypokalemia, anxiety).

Arformoterol (Brovana)

LABA bronchodilator for maintenance (often with corticosteroids); delivered via SVN; not for acute episodes; side effects similar to other LABAs (tachycardia, tremor, palpitations, hypokalemia, anxiety).

Tiotropium (Spiriva)

Long-acting anticholinergic (LAMA) bronchodilator; blocks acetylcholine to prevent bronchoconstriction; delivered via DPI; used for COPD (and sometimes asthma); not for acute exacerbations; adverse effects include dry mouth, sore throat, sinus infection, headache, cough.

Ipratropium bromide (Atrovent)

Short-acting anticholinergic (SAMA) bronchodilator; blocks cholinergic bronchoconstriction; delivered via SVN or MDI; used for COPD and as rescue therapy in COPD; adverse effects: headache, dizziness, stuffy nose, dry mouth, cough.

Albuterol/ipratropium (Combivent, DuoNeb)

Combination short-acting bronchodilator: β2-adrenergic agonist + anticholinergic; inhaled MDI or SVN; used for COPD and asthma rescue therapy; adverse effects: tachycardia, tremor, palpitations, hypokalemia, anxiety.

Fluticasone/salmeterol (Advair)

Corticosteroid + LABA combination; anti-inflammatory plus bronchodilator for maintenance in asthma and COPD; delivered as DPI or MDI; not for acute episodes; adverse effects: thrush, hoarseness, dizziness, cough.

Budesonide/formoterol (Symbicort)

Corticosteroid + LABA combination; maintenance therapy for asthma and COPD; DPI or MDI; not for acute episodes; adverse effects: thrush, sore throat, cough, hypertension.

Budesonide (Pulmicort)

Inhaled corticosteroid; anti-inflammatory; long-term control in asthma/COPD; delivered by SVN or DPI; typical dose 90–180 mcg twice daily; adverse effects: thrush, sore throat, hoarseness, cough, hypertension.

Fluticasone (Flovent)

Inhaled corticosteroid; anti-inflammatory; commonly delivered by MDI; dose range 88–440 mcg twice daily; used for asthma; adverse effects: thrush, sore throat, hoarseness, cough.

Beclomethasone (Qvar)

Inhaled corticosteroid; anti-inflammatory; delivered by MDI; used for asthma; adverse effects: sore throat, stuffy nose, cough, sinus pain, vomiting, nausea, headache.

Prednisone (Deltasone)

Systemic corticosteroid; potent anti-inflammatory; oral 5–60 mg per day (or IV); used for asthma, bronchitis, allergies; adverse effects include nausea, vomiting, weakness, fatigue, decreased appetite, weight loss, diarrhea, abdominal pain, mood changes, high blood pressure, high blood sugar.

Methylprednisolone (Solu-Medrol)

Systemic corticosteroid; potent anti-inflammatory; injectable (IV) or oral; used for asthma; adverse effects include dizziness, flushing, nausea, nervousness, vomiting.

Aminophylline/Theophylline (Methylxanthines)

Methylxanthine bronchodilators; relax bronchial smooth muscle; routes IV, oral, rectal; used for COPD and asthma; adverse effects: tachycardia, dysrhythmias, irritability, nausea.

Dornase alfa (Pulmozyme)

Mucolytic; recombinant human DNase that breaks down DNA in pulmonary secretions; inhaled via SVN; used in cystic fibrosis and pulmonary diseases; adverse effects: increased difficulty breathing, chest pain, fever, bronchospasm, sore throat.

Acetylcysteine (Mucomyst)

Mucolytic; breaks disulfide bonds in mucoproteins to lower mucus viscosity; inhaled via SVN; used in pulmonary diseases including CF; also antidote for acetaminophen overdose; adverse effects: bronchoconstriction, rhinorrhea, stomatitis, vomiting.

Hypertonic saline (3%+)

Mucolytic; sterile saline >3% that draws water into airways to thin mucus; inhaled via SVN; used in pulmonary diseases and CF; adverse effects: increased cough, sore throat, chest tightness.

Tobramycin (Tobi, Tobrex, Kitabis Pak, Bethkis)

Inhaled aminoglycoside antibiotic; treats bacterial infections in pulmonary diseases (often Pseudomonas in CF); delivered by SVN or IV; adverse effects: headache, rash, nausea, vomiting, anemia, joint pain, tremor, hearing loss, kidney damage.

Colistin sulfate (Polymyxin E) (Xylistin)

Antibiotic (polymyxin) for gram-negative bacteria; inhaled via SVN or IV; used for bacterial infections of the lungs; adverse effects include kidney toxicity, neurotoxicity, and bronchospasm.