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State the conventions when dealing with op amps:
regarding voltages and the ground node
direction of currents
All voltages are referenced to the ground node
direction of currents is to the op amp

Draw and label the circuit symbol for an operational amplifier

Draw an operational amplifier in a circuit

Describe the voltage transfer characteristic of an op amp
y axis is A(vp - vn)
A is the open loop gain
when vp - vn is:
small, output is linear
large, output is saturated and cut off at VCC+ or VCC-

Describe the op amp’s input voltage constraint
when ideal we assume A = infinite
so vp - vn has to be 0 for linear operation
so vp = vn

Describe the op amp’s input current constraint
Resistance between input terminals = infinite
so the current of the input terminals = 0
ip = 0
in = 0
ip + io + in + ic- + ic+ = 0
io + ic- + ip+ = 0
io = - (ic- + ip+)

Describe how to analyze a circuit with an ideal op amp
A = infinite
in = ip = 0
infinite input resistance
vp = vn
zero offset voltage
vout = A(vp - vn
0 output resistance
Draw an inverting amplifier circuit

Derive formulas from an inverting amplifier circuit
Gain is Rf / Rs

Draw an open loop inverting amplifer circuit and derive its formulas

Draw a summing amplifier circuit and derive formulas from it
Rf ( Va/Ra + Vb/Rb + Vc/Rc ) = Vo

Draw a noninverting amplifier circuit and derive formulas from it

Draw a difference amplifier circuit and derive formulas from it
vo = Rb/Ra (vb - va)
gain is Rb/Ra when Ra/Rb = Rc/Rd

For the difference amplifier do the following:
Describe what is meant by common and differential mode
represent the input voltages in terms of cm and dm
Represent output voltage in terms of common and differential modes
Draw a difference amplifier circuit in terms of common and differential mode
vdm = vb - va
vcm = (vb + va) / 2
va = vdm - ½ vcm
vb = vdm + ½ vcm
vo = Acm vcm + Adm vdm
Acm = 0 when Ra = Rc and Rd = Rb

For a difference op amp:
State formulas for the resistors when the resistor values do not exactly line up
State how it affects Adm and Acm
Describe what is meant by the common mode rejection ratio
CMRR = |Adm / Acm|

Draw a more realistic diagram of an op amp

Draw a more realistic diagram of an inverting op amp and derive formulas for the output voltage

Draw a more realistic diagram of a noninverting op amp and derive formulas for the output voltage
