Physics Final

electricity

the flow or build up of charge

triboelectric effect

static charges in the world occur when objects are rubbed together causing electrons to transfer between them

electrostatic force

the force that occurs between two charged objects

electrical conductor

a material that allows the flow of electricity

electric insulator

a material that impedes/blocks the flow of electricity

current

the rate at which charge flows

voltage/electric potential

the change in potential energy per unit of charge

circuit

a close path on which electricity can flow

resistance

the impediment to the flow of electricity

Ohm’s Law

the current in a circuit is directly proportional to voltage and inversely proportional to resistance

circuit breaker

a safety switch that prevents an individual circuit from using too much electricity

parallel circuit

an electrical path where components are connected to the same two points, creating multiple independent paths

inverses

In a parallel circuit, resistance adds as _______.

voltage

In a parallel circuit, each branch receives the same ______.

currents

In a parallel circuit, each branch may receive different _____.

series circuit

an electrical path where components are connected end to end

current

In a series circuit, resistors receive the same ______.

voltages

In a series circuit, resistors may receive different ______.

electric generator

a device that converts kinetic energy to electrical energy by passing a coil by a magnet

alternating current

a type of electricity created by generators in which the flow of electrons change directions

transformer

a electrical device that increases of decreases the voltage

direct current

a type of electricity in which charge only flows in one direction

momentum

a numerical value that quantifies the motion of an object

impulse

the change in momentum of an object

time

To decrease the force of a collision, you need to increase the ______ of the collision.

law of conservation of momentum

the momentum of a system remains the same if there are no external forces acting on the system

elastic collisions

collisions in which objects bounce quickly, conserving momentum and kinetic energy

inelastic collisions

collisions in which objects bounce slowly or stick, conserving momentum but not conserving kinetic energy

perfectly inelastic collisions

a type of inelastic collision where objects stick; some kinetic energy is used/converted by changing the shape, changing into thermal energy, or turning into sound

remains unchanged

When kinetic energy is conserved, the total energy of motion of an object ________.

wave

a vibration or disturbance in space

mechanical waves

require a medium to travel through

light/electromagnetic waves

do not require a medium to travel through

pulse waves

a wave that is caused by a sudden disturbance, generating one or a few waves

periodic waves

a wave that repeats itself for several cycles

transverse waves

waves in which the direction of disturbance is perpendicular to the direction

longitudinal waves

a wave in which the direction of disturbance is parallel to the direction of propagation

crest

highest point on the wave

trough

the lowest point on the wave

wave length

the distance between the waves

period

the time to complete one wave

frequency

how many cycles (waves) occur each second

amplitude

the distance from the midline to the trough or crest

superposition principle

waves interact by adding their amplitudes

constructive interference

wave interference that occurs when waves are perfectly in phase (meaning crest aligns with crest) resulting in a larger wave

destructive interference

wave interference that occurs when waves are perfectly out of phase (meaning a crest aligns with a trough) resulting in the wave cancelling out

sound

a pressure wave that travels through the air

loudness

the amplitude of a sound wave is the ________

pitch

the frequency of a sound wave is the ______

decreases

As the wavelength of a wave increases, the frequency ______.

sound intensity

a method to indicate the loudness of a sound

The Doppler Effect

a change in the perceived frequency of a sound when the observer and the source are moving relative to one another

higher

According to the Doppler Effect, when objects are approaching, the frequency appears ______.

lower

According to the Doppler Effect, when objects are travelling away, the frequency appears ______.

electromagnetic waves

a wave consisting of alternating electric and magnetic fields

increases

As the frequency of a wave increases, the energy ______.

greater

As fluid depth increases, the _____ the pressure exerted by that fluid.