acadimic wipon

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civilization

any complex society characterized by urban development, social stratification, a form of government, and symbolic systems of communication such as writing.

Fertile Crescent

the fertile cresent,”the land beteen the tigris and the Euphrates river in 3500 BCE

in todays time the fertile cresent is Iran, Iraq and Kuwait occupy the site of mespotamiam

Mesopotamia

is the first civilization (established around 3500BCE) the first cities exist here

Tigris and Euphrates Rivers

was the river between the fertile crescent

cuneiform

was the writing that the mespotamian used to communicate it was also called “wedge-shaped writing” it was also the first writing system invinted and it was used for every thing

polytheism

Gods often have distinct personalities, roles, and hierarchies.

ziggurat

a ziggurat is a massive, terraced, stepped-pyramid temple built in during mespopotamia it was designed as a religious, administrative, and sacred mountain like platform for gods.

stele

the first law code was written on a stone stele (stele was used to announce news)

Epic of Gilgamesh

the first epice poem also Gilgamesh was a selfish king and wanted immortality and failed to achieve it

Gilgamesh

he was a king who wanted immortality but failed to obtain it and had 2 tires to get it but failed

epic poem

also known as the Epic of Gilgamesh

Hammurabi

he was the 6th king of the first Babylonian dynasty and he conquered major rivers

Hammurabi’s Code

the first law code a set of punishments based on your status and gender

hierarchy of scale

the seated sun god, Shamash, is larger than Hammurabi because Shamash is more important

irrigation

the nile would flood regularly (every year) and produce great irrigation

Hatshepsut

took over the throne from here dead husband

Cleopatra

the last pharaoh

Pharaoh

is like the king or queen of the cities/kingdom

Nile River

it will food every year and it will produce great irrigation because fooding and we get the 365 day calendar from this

Hieroglyphics

was the main writing system in ancient egypition

Rosetta Stone

it was the key to decipher the Hieroglyphics and scholers decipher it

Osiris

is the egyptian god of the afterlife, death, resurrection, and fertility acting as the supreme judge of death

Mummification

a 70 day process designed to preserve the body for the afterlife

Material Afterlife

meaning they would put gold, food, and eta into there tombs so they can take into there after life

polytheism

idk

Archaic Period

it was from 800 to 480 BCE

Hellenistic period

was from 323 to 31 BCE also the death of alexander happened during this time period

Athens

Was the greek city and the birthplace of the democracy, established by Cleisthenes around 508 BC

Olympic games

Took place in Oltmpia Greece and it was held in 776BC they drew people all over greece adn the games where dedicated to Zeus

Trojan War

the war was In 1200 BCE and it lasted 10 years and it ended with the destruction of troy and 2 epic poems came out of this war

Zeus

he is the god of thunder

Athena

goddess of wisdom, strength warfare, handiecrafts, and reason

Hades

god of the underworld

Mycenae

it was in 1600 BCE it was also a warrior culture and Greeks believed that Mycenae where built like cyclops

Homer

ancient greek poet and singer

Iliad

an ancient greek epic poem in homeric greek ( aka the achilles story) 850 BCE

in medias res

in the middle describing a struggle over woman

Achilles / Achilles heel

he was the greatest greek warrior but his weak point was his achilles and thats how he died

hubris

referred to excessive pride, arrogance, or insolence, often leading mortals to believe they were equal to or above the gods

Socrates

470-399 B.C.E.
- SOCRATIC METHOD: ASKING
QUESTIONS
- “THE UNEXAMINED LIFE IS NOT
WORTH LIVING”
- PUT TO DEATH FOR CORRUPTING
THE YOUTH OF THE CITY

Socratic method

SOCRATIC METHOD: ASKING
QUESTIONS

Plato

428-347 B.C.E. (SOCRATES’ STUDENT

Allegory of the Cave

a famous greek metaphor for ignorance vs enlightenment

Aristotle

384-322 B.C.E. (PLATO’S STUDENT)

Golden Mean

AVOID EXTREMES,
“MODERATION IN ALL THINGS”

contrapposto

Parthenon

it is the temple of Athena

Spearbearer

Laocoön and His Sons

Alexander the Great

he was a king who concered all 4 eras at the age of 32

Romulus and Remus

They where twins sons of war god Mars they where abandaned and raised by a she-wolf

Julius Caesar

He was Roman General who put an endeed the roman rupublic by crossinf the Rubicon, the river that separated Rome from it provinces (passing the point of no return)

Rubicon

It was a river that separated Rome from it provinces

Octavian Augustus

he was the first emperor of Ancient Roma after defeating Mark Antony and Queen Cleopatra

Pax Romana

Is know as a 200 year time of peace and stability during Octavian Augusts time

Constantine

476 CE

Was the Year that Rome fell

Byzantine Empire

Roman Roads

There where Miles markers, changing stations, anti-flooding

Virgil

he helped explain the founding of rome

Aeneid

it is a epic poem (12 books)

Dido

the first bqueen of carthage

Pietas

was a foundational Roman virtuve that was respectful to gods and had deep ties

Aqueducts

a water system that transported water form the mountain springs to the cities

concrete

romans improved and mastered this material and built many important structures with it

Pantheon

the elegant columns of the parthenon are not as straight as they look (its a dome)

Pompeii

it was anicient city

Romance languages

Spanish, Romanian, And Italian

Vikings

the vikings was the normans ancestors and also they repatedly invaded parts of Europe but they settled in France

Charlemagne

he was a powerful military leader

Carolingian Renaissance

it was a time period where Charlemagne brought a time of increased learning called Carolingian Renaissance

Feudalism

It was a medieval economic and social system

Lord

It was a nobal or higher rank landowner

Vassal

A knight providing military services to a lord and was loyal

Fief

A peace of agricultural land or income

Serfs

they where individuals who were unfree peasants

chain mail

Its a coat of armor

Chivalry

It was a code of honor where Knights had to be brave in battle, loyal to his lord and warriors, and revernt towards woman

Castles

they had to protect land from attackers and serve as a base of control

Normans

they where ancestors of the vikings and invaded parts of Europe

William the Conqueror

William defeated Anglo-Saxon King Harold and he became king

Bayeux Tapestry

it is a cloth that was emborided with the event of the Norman invasion of England 1066

Abbasid Caliphate

(750–1258 CE) was the third Islamic caliphate

Translation Movement

a massive, state-sponsored effort—centered in Baghdad's House of Wisdom—that translated Greek, Persian, and Indian scientific and philosophical texts into Arabic

Crusades

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Gothic

The term Gothic was originally intended as an insult.

Gothic Cathedrals

Gothic cathedrals were called “gothic” because critics
found them “rude and barbarous”

Gargoyles

pic

Beowulf

epic poem writen in old english

Dante’s Divine Comedy

Dante wrote a religious medieval christian epic poem

Dante’s Inferno

Enters Hell with Virgil as his guide

Purgatory

a, or in some views a place of, temporary torment for souls to be cleansed of minor sins before entering heaven.

trivium

pic

Quadrivium

pic

Renaissance

a "rebirth" of European culture, art, science, and learning that took place roughly between the 14th and 17th centuries

humanism

A focus on human interests and worldly interests

secularism

a cultural shift (roughly 14th–17th centuries) focusing on worldly, non-religious matters rather than exclusively on theological salvation.

Renaissance man

artist, scientist, and engineers

Florence

it was a city in italy that was nothing in the 14th century to somthing in the 15th

Medici

14th century rich family and they brought influence such as the political and cultural scenes to the people in Florence Italy