Science enrichment Mitochondrial

Biomedical sceicne

the intersection of biology and medicine, focusing on how cells, organs, and systems function in the human body to diagnose, treat, and prevent diseases.

WThics in biomedical sceicen

science ensures that research and clinical practices protect human dignity, autonomy, and welfare, balancing scientific advancement with moral responsibility

Key ethics - integrity

encourage a full commitment to knowledge and understanding as well as the honest reporting of all sources of information and results

JUstice

encourage fair consideration of complaiins claims, and ensures that there is no unfair burden on a particular group from an action

Benefience

•Beneficence

maximise benefits when taking a particular position or course of action

Non maleficence

•Non-maleficence

discourage causing harm – or when harm is unavoidable, ensure that the harm is not disproportionate to the benefits from any position or course of action

Respect

•Respect

encourage the acknowledgment of the intrinsic value of living things, and consider the welfare, beliefs, customs, and cultural heritage of both the individual and the collective

Mitochondrial DNA

• Membrane enclosed organelle in human cell

• Generate energy ATP (Adenosine triphosphate)n through cellular respiration

• Aid apoptosis ( cell death) cell replication and signalling other cell

Mitochondrial DNA

• Have their own genome

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  37 genes

Mitochondria inheritance

• From egg of woman so maternal inheritance

• Both male and females affected but only FEMALES can pass trait

• Sibiling will have same mitochondrial DNA

• Distinct pattern pedigree

Whats the difference between Hetro and Homo plasmy

•Homoplasmic = all copies of mitochondrial DNA are the same (all cell mitochondria have the same DNA)

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•Heteroplasmic = mitochondrial DNA may have variation – amount of mutations determine severity

Mutatio detection

•Genetic testing methods PCR and Sanger sequencing can show point mutations in mitochondrial DNA and how prevalent they are

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•Assign each member as either homoplasmic mutant/wild type or heteroplasmic

Short case study