Biochemistry Proteins and Amino Acids

Proteins are made up of...

amino acids

How many biologically important amino acids are there?

20

Amino acids naturally rotate to the...

Left; Levo-rotatory; "L"

GAIL V

Which of these are BCAA (branched chain amino acids)?

ILV; Isoleucine, Leucine, and Valine

GAIL V

What is G and A?

Glycine, and Alanine

Which of the following are part of the hydroxyl group?

Serine, Glutamine, Tyrosine, Proline, Asparagine, Tryptophan, and Threonine.

Serine, Tyrosine, and Threonine

What is the mnemonic for the hydroxyl group?

3rd letter is "r"

Of the hydroxyl group, which one is planar?

Tyrosine

Sulfur containing amino acids?

Cysteine and Methionine

Cysteine + Cysteine = _____

Cystine

Draw the disulfide bridge

R-SH + HS-R H₂O₂

↓

R-S-S-R 2H₂O

What are the acidic amino acids?

Glutamic acid, and Aspartic acid

What are the neutral amine forms of Glutamic acid and Aspartic acid?

Glutamine and Asparagine

What are the basic amino acids?

HAL; Histidine, Arginine, and Lysine

What do basic amino acids have that the other amino acids don't?

An extra -NH₂

Aromatic amino acids can also be called...

Planar

What are the aromatic/planar amino acids?

Phenylalanine, Tyrosine, and Tryptophan

Tyrosine is what type of amino acid?

Hydroxyl and Aromatic (planar)

What is the name of the imino acid (cyclic)?

Proline

What is the mnemonic for the essential amino acids?

PVT TIM HALL, or

Private Tim Hall

PVT TIM HALL

What does PVT stand for?

Phenylalanine, Valine, and Tryptophan

PVT TIM HALL

What does TIM stand for?

Threonine, Isoleucine, and Methionine

PVT TIM HALL

What does HALL stand for?

Histadine, Arginine, Lysine, and Leucine

pH

Amino acid is positively charged; More H present; NH₃+

pH>pK²

Amino acid is negatively charged; Less H present; COO-

At physiological pH

Most amino acids are neutral (2.4

What bonds join amino acids?

Peptide bonds (covalent bonds)

What are small chains of amino acids called?

Peptides

Primary protein structures contain what bonds?

peptide bonds

Definition of primary structures:

Number and sequence of amino acids; read from amino terminus to carboxyl terminus end

Secondary structures conformation...

3 dimensional; alpha helix, beta pleated sheets, and beta bend

Bonds in secondary structures

Hydrogen