Chemical Evolution

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Last updated 4:56 PM on 6/14/26
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22 Terms

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organic molecule

A molecule containing carbon that is a part of or produced by living systems.

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inorganic molecule

molecule that does not contain carbon

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single bond

a covalent bond in which one pair of electrons is shared between two atoms

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double bond

A double covalent bond; the sharing of two pairs of valence electrons by two atoms.

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valence electrons

The electrons in the outermost shell (main energy level) of an atom; these are the electrons involved in forming bonds.

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covalent bond

A chemical bond formed when two atoms share electrons

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molecule

A group of atoms bonded together

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amine group

NH2

<p>NH2</p>
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carboxylic acid group

COOH

<p>COOH</p>
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central carbon

in an amino acid it the the carbon in the middle of the molecule that the amine and carboxylic acid groups are attached to

<p>in an amino acid it the the carbon in the middle of the molecule that the amine and carboxylic acid groups are attached to</p>
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radical of amino acid

portion shown in green in the picture; some atom or molecule that is attached to the central carbon of the amino acid; give the amino acid its unique properties

<p>portion shown in green in the picture; some atom or molecule that is attached to the central carbon of the amino acid; give the amino acid its unique properties</p>
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glycine

amino acid pictured

<p>amino acid pictured</p>
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alanine

amino acid pictured

<p>amino acid pictured</p>
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polymerization

joining monomers to form a polymer

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monomer

a molecule that can be bonded to other similar molecules to form a polymer.

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polymer

A long molecule consisting of many similar or identical monomers linked together.

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peptide bond

The chemical bond that forms between the carboxyl group of one amino acid and the amino group of another amino acid

<p>The chemical bond that forms between the carboxyl group of one amino acid and the amino group of another amino acid</p>
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carbohydrate

compound made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms; major source of energy for the human body

<p>compound made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms; major source of energy for the human body</p>
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lipid

Energy-rich organic compounds, such as fats, oils, and waxes, that are made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.

<p>Energy-rich organic compounds, such as fats, oils, and waxes, that are made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.</p>
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protein

An organic compound that is made of one or more chains of amino acids and that is a principal component of all cells

<p>An organic compound that is made of one or more chains of amino acids and that is a principal component of all cells</p>
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nucleic acid

a complex organic substance present in living cells, especially DNA or RNA, whose molecules consist of many nucleotides linked in a long chain.

<p>a complex organic substance present in living cells, especially DNA or RNA, whose molecules consist of many nucleotides linked in a long chain.</p>
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dehydration synthesis reaction

A chemical reaction in which two molecules covalently bond to each other with the removal of a water molecule.

<p>A chemical reaction in which two molecules covalently bond to each other with the removal of a water molecule.</p>