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What is a sliding esophageal hiatal hernia?
Both the stomach and GE junction herniate into the thorax via the esophageal hiatus; also known as type I hiatal hernia

What is the incidence of hiatal hernia?
90% of all hiatal hernias
What are the symptoms of hiatal hernia?
Most patients are asymptomatic, but the condition can cause reflux, dysphagia (from inflammatory edema), esophagitis, and pulmonary problems secondary to aspiration
How is a hiatal hernia diagnosed?
UGI series, manometry, esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) with biopsy for esophagitis
What are the complications of hiatal hernia?
Reflux S esophagitis S Barrett's esophagus S cancer and stricture formation; aspiration pneumonia; it can also result in UGI bleeding from esophageal ulcerations
What is the treatment of hiatal hernia?
85% of cases treated medically with antacids, H2 blockers/PPIs, head elevation after meals, small meals, and no food prior to sleeping; 15% of cases require surgery for persistent symptoms despite adequate medical treatment
What is the surgical treatment of hiatal hernia?
Laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication (LAP NISSEN) involves wrapping the fundus around the LES and suturing it in place
What is a paraesophageal hiatal hernia?
Herniation of all or part of the stomach through the esophageal hiatus into the thorax without displacement of the gastroesophageal junction; also known as type II hiatal hernia

What is the incidence of paraesophageal hiatal hernia?
5% of all hiatal hernias (rare)
What are the symptoms of paraesophageal hiatal hernia?
Derived from mechanical obstruction; dysphagia, stasis gastric ulcer, and strangulation; many cases are asymptomatic and not associated with reflux because of a relatively normal position of the GE junction
What are the complications of paraesophageal hiatal hernia?
Hemorrhage, incarceration, obstruction, and strangulation
What is the treatment of paraesophageal hiatal hernia?
Surgical, because of frequency and severity of potential complications