Periodic table trends

Atomic Radii

The distance from the nucleus of an atom to the outermost shell of electrons, generally increasing down a group and decreasing across a period.

Ionising Energy

The energy required to remove an electron from an atom or ion, which generally increases across a period and decreases down a group.

Electronegativity

A measure of the tendency of an atom to attract a bonding pair of electrons, increasing across a period and decreasing down a group.

Metallic Characteristics

Properties associated with metals, such as conductivity, malleability, and ductility, which generally increase down a group and decrease across a period.

Oxidising Strength

The ability of a substance to gain electrons in a chemical reaction, which can vary across the periodic table, typically increasing across a period.

Reducing Strength

The ability of a substance to lose electrons in a chemical reaction, which generally increases down a group and decreases across a period.