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Collaborative Empiricism

good collaborative working relationship between client and therapist; co-investigators, therefore requires the client to be active participant

Guided Discovery

therapist acts as a guide who helps identify problem behaviours & cognitive distortions by designing new experiences & perspective through experiments & questioning

Socratic dialogue

informational questioning, listening empathically, summarizing, asking analytical/synthesizing questions

CT Client-Therapist Relationship

Cognitive therapists are continuously active and deliberately interactive with clients, helping clients frame their conclusions. He or she functions as a catalyst and a guide who helps clients understand how their beliefs and attitudes influence the way they feel and act. "Homework" facilitates more rapid and enduring gains.

Cbt Interventions

automatic thoughts, underlying assumptions, core beliefs

Automatic Thoughts

thought records, Situation-specific, Most accessible, Least stable

Underlying Assumptions

behavioural experiments, Cross situations, Less accessible, More stable

Core Beliefs

core belief continuum or core belief log, Absolute statements, Least accessible, Most stable

CBT - Levels of Thought - Leaves =

automatic thoughts

CBT - Levels of Thought - branches=

underlying assumptions

CBT - Levels of Thought - roots=

core beliefs

Automatic Thoughts

situation-specific, pop into head automatically during day, can be words, images, memories, most accessible, least stable

Automatic Thoughts Example=

Everyone will see that I am nervous.(socially anxious person about to present to an audience)

Technique used to challenge Recurring Automatic Thoughts

thought records!

Underlying Assumptions

cross-situational rules, guide daily actions and expectations, "If..then" & "should" statements, must infer from actions, less accessible, more stable

Underlying Assumptions Examples=

If I am not perfect, then people will disapprove of me. I am responsible for other people's happiness. I should be the best at everything I do.

People with GAD tend to engage in Underlying Assumptions by

making their world so small

Technique used to challenge Underlying Assumptions

behavioural experiments/role plays

Core Beliefs

absolute statements about self, others and/or world, deepest cognition, least accessible, most stable, how we perceive & operate in the world

Core Beliefs Example

I am worthless. The world is a dangerous place.

Techniques used to challenge Core Beliefs

core belief continuum; core belief log

Cognitive Behavioural Therapy Contributions

revolutionized therapeutic practice with empirically validated approach, CBT research has shown efficacy for a variety of problems, devised a number of cognitive techniques (e.g., thought records) for effectively challenging client's beliefs good outcome results 12 and 18-months post-therapy, brought private experience back into realm of scientific inquiry, detailed case conceptualizations, it works; it's an effective, focused, practical treatment; transparent & educational; cost-effective

Cognitive Behavioural Therapy Criticisms

emotions tend to be played down or ignored in treatment, too superficial & simplistic, denies importance of the client's past, downplays role of therapeutic relationship, too technique-oriented, only focus on eliminating symptoms, not the cause

Albert Ellis (1913-2007) - There are three "musts" that hold us back

I must do well. You must treat me well. And the world must be easy.

Albert Ellis (1913-2007) We teach people that they upset themselves. We can't change the past, so we change

how people are thinking, feeling and behaving today. Acceptance is not love. You love a person because he or she has lovable traits, but you accept everybody just because they're alive and human.

Albert ellis focuses on

rational beliefs

Albert ellis - SOR

stimulus-organism-response

Aaron beck focuses on

cognitive distortions