Breast milk

What nutrient is the most in breast milk?

Prebiotics and probiotics

What makes up breast milk?

water 88%, lactase - main sugar, human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) 40% pro and prebiotics, protein (whey, casein)

Whats the percentage of pregnancies planned in the western world

60%

Does nutrition play a role in fertility

YesW

What factors can affect fertility in men?

obesity, diabetes, phytoestrogens and environmental estrogens, alcohol, zinc and selenium, and antioxidants

How does obesity affect fertility in men

BMI strongly correlates with sperm quantity and quality extra high - bmi above 30 - and low - bmi under 18.5

How does diabetes affect fertility in men

erectile disfunction and affects ejaculation.

How does Phytoestrogens and environmental estrogens affect fertility in men

soybeans & contraceptive pills can lessen fertility

How does alcohol affect fertility in men

alcohol is a spermatoxic because it kills sperm

How does zinc and selenium affect fertility in men

zinc and selenium deficiencies prevents sperm tail from whipping

How does antioxidants affect fertility in men

reduce oxidative stress that can damage sperm cells

What factors affect women ‘s fertilty and how

qWeight – Overweight & underweight affects estrogen levels.

qPCOS – Polycystic Ovarian (cyst on the ovaries).

qAlcohol -

qCoffee -

qAntioxidant nutrients –

qVitamin A – high levels can be toxic and lead to birth defects

Folic Acid - important during the first 3 months of pregnancy

Should mothers diet during pregnancy

no, it can result in low birth weight infant (full term baby born at less than 5.5 lbs)

By how much does a mothers calories requirements increase at the 3rd trimester

by 200 kcal a day

What are important nutrients for pregnancy

DHA, iron, calcium, zinc, protein, vitamin c, d, a, b12, folic acid, thiamine and riboflavin

What is DHA and what are the sources

DHA is a omega 3 fatty acid that supports developed cognitive skills and neural development. Fatty fish like salmon, tuna, sardines, mackerel and some shellfish

What is Iron deficinecies and its sources (also how much to take)

Take 14.8 mg. a day. Iron deficiencies will affect affect infant by premature birth, low birth weight, neurodevelopmental issues, possible infant death. Iron is needed for red blood cells

Calcium in pregnancy

increase requirement for vitamin d

What is zinc and why its needed for pregnancy

zinc is required for dna, rna and protein synthesis. Its deficiency is liked to possible abnormalities in fetus.

How much protein is neeed to increase in pregnancy

6 grams a day

What vitamin is harmful to babies

vitamin a

What is vitamin d essestial for

calcium absorptionwha

why do pregnant mothers need to increase vitamin c intake

improved iron absorption

What does a deficiency in folic acid do

spina bifida (abnormal development of baby’s spinal cord in womb)

Why is vitamin b12 needed

to generate active form of folate

does thiamine and riboflavin have to increase

yes, in third trimester

What are some nutrient related problems

Heartburn, constipation, ■Pre-eclampsia (2-7% of pregnancies) high blood pressure that can cause death in mothers.

■Severe pregnancy hypertension

■Gestational Hypertension (latter stages)

■Food cravings, Pica (strange food cravings)

■Nausea, vomiting

Gestational Diabetes

breast milk vs formula

Breast milk is better

How long does breast milk offer complete nutrition

For the first 6 months of baby’s life

Breastfeeding benefits for babies:

Infants are less likely to experience gastrointestinal infections

and babies are less likely to be obese in later life

Benefits of breast feeding to society

reduces government spendings on healthcare later on in life; healthier stronger society

Benefits of breastfeeding for mother

To mother – free; weight loss; cancer protection; available on demand.

Benefits of breastfeeding

Control appetite; reduce obesity risks; low level of infection/contamination; improved immunity; balance of nutrients

does breast milk change as baby grows

yes

What does the prebiotics in breast milk do for baby

–Prebiotics – bifidobacterial dominates (helps reduce acute gastroenteritis, constipation, diarrhea, colic.

nutrients in breast milk

–Calcium –

–Phosphorus –

–Sodium –

–Potassium –

–Chlorine –

–Magnesium –

–Iron –

–Zinc –

–Iodine –

–Manganese –

–Copper –