Middle ages perez

Knights

Heavy calvery who were mounted soldiers trained in combat, often serving a lord in exchange for land or protection.

Peasents

requires to work to the land they are on even if the lord changes

Feudilism

form of government, political authority is divided among lords who hold land in exchange for service and allegiance to a monarch.

Fief

A piece of land granted by a lord to a vassal in exchange for allegiance and service.

Castles

first made with wood than stone, made for protection

Why did kings need nobles

sodiers, food, stone, wood

Social structure

Kings, nobles and knights, vassles, peasents

Pope Hierarchy

God —> Pope —> King —> Archbishops —> Bishops—> Priests monks

Kings hierarchy

God —> King —> Pope —> Barons —> Lords —> knights —> Peasents

Manorialism

Agricultural wealth, land is the main form of currency, primary economic system of the middle ages.

Vassle

Someone who recived land in a invest

Banquet

A large meal or feast, often held to celebrate special occasions or gatherings, featuring multiple courses and entertainment.

Investiture

The formal ceremony in which a lord grants land and bestows authority to a vassal, often involving an oath of fealty.

Law of Primogeniture

Feudal contract is passed to the oldest son, Begins in france with clovis and is given to england with willium the conqurer.

Why so many manors

to produce food mostly but also foor wood and quaries

serf vs freeman

Freeman, has some limited rights, are free to live

Serfs, tied to the land and could not be evicted

Three field system

Barley, wheat, fallow, animal graze. It is an agricultural system that rotates crops across three fields to improve soil fertility and crop yield. (crops get to recover)

Role of Women

Belived to be original sinners, primarily responsible for managing the household and child-rearing, with limited rights in society and law.

Revival of trade

Trade increased from the lack of viking raids and less muslim control of the mediterranean

Crusades

Quest to claim the holy land, increases the connections and demand for luxery goods between Christians and Muslims, leading to cultural exchanges, like clothes.

Banking is back

During the Middle Ages, the growth of trade and commerce led to the re-emergence of banking systems, providing loans and facilitating financial transactions.

Otto the Great

Defeated magyars, fused italy and germany, crowned holy romen emperor by the pope

Otto the Third

Responsible for spreading christianity into eastern germany and consolidating the Holy Roman Empire. He sought to create a revival of Roman culture and centralized authority.

Henary III

Supported cluniac reforms, church and state together

Seccular and church

Abbots did not know who was in charge

Henry IV

Kidnapped by arch bishop, Henry IV wanted to do Ley investiture, Gregory did not want him to do that so he excommunicated Henry IV and inerdected all of his lands, leading to a conflict over the power of appointing bishops.

Ley investiture

seccular people in church appointments that caused conflict with the papacy.

Penance of Canossa

Henry IV waited outside the castle of Canossa for three days, Gregory VII eventually forgave him and let him in.

Henry V

who made the Concordat of worms

Concordat of worms

trying to solve the problem of who appoints the bishops, important because the bishops are powerful political and church authorities.

Cluny reforms

Monks spend more time on church works, Having one abbot on

Harold relation to William

Harold promised that he would give his kingdom to William

Harold the Great

Gets appointed as king and is defeated by William at the battle of Hastings

William the conqueror

Brings French feudilism to england, feudal lords cannot gain as much power though, made castles as an escape route through castles to get back to france

Domesday book

First tax roll in history (william)

Henry I

Created the office of Exchequer

Exchequer

IRS basically

Plantagenet dynasty

William the conqueror’s dynesty, Geoffrey of Anjou and Planta Genista

Henry II

Brings common law to England wedded to Eleanor of Aquitaine, he has a huge amount of land and money from Eleanor

King John

Signed the magna carta, because of his english barons. Taxation by consent, fair trial, representative government. Limited taxation and king power. Worst king in history, Lost land, softsword, lost war in France, fought with the Pope Innocent lets the french invade John’s land, England and Ireland are fiefs to the pope.

Magna carta

Signed by KING JOHN, gave certain rights

Edward I (Longshanks)

Created the parlament in england

Parliament

Body to approve or dissaporve royal requests.

Hugh Capet

Gave nobles land to secure their loyalty and establish the Capetian dynasty in France.

800 French kings how much land did they own?

Not a lot, many were dependent on nobility.

Philip II Augustus

Takes advantage of King John's weaknesses in the battle of Bouvines it seald king Philips hold on Normandy and fuelled opposition to John’s rule. The Baillies is the position of sherif. The Albigensians or Cathers were arian christians and conquered a lot of land, built the louve

Baillie

French sherif (Shire-reeve)

St Louis, Louis IX

Apex of the French kingdom. Created common law went on 8 crucades

Philip IV the fair

Needed money formed the Estates General, represenative body

1: Arresting the Jews, took their property and drove them out of France

2: Persecuted and destroyed the Knights Templar claiming their treasury Perez wanted a story bout this

Estates general

Created to gather support for Philip IV policys and get more tax money

1st estate clergy, money, power, influance

2nd estate, noblility

3rd peasents, commoners,