Science questions

What organs filters blood and produces urine?

Kidney

Which part of the brain regulates breathing and heart rate?

Brainstem (medulla oblongata)

What type of muscle is found in the walls of the digestive organs?

Smooth

During which phase of mitosis do sister chromatids separate?

Anaphase

If a gene for brown eyes (B) is dominant over blue eyes (b), what is the probability of a Bb × Bb cross producing a blue-eyed child?

25%

Which of the macromolecules serves as the body’s main source of energy?

Nucleic acids

What property of water allows it to dissolve many substances?

It’s polar

A scientist tests fertilizer on plant growth with three fields, each getting different fertilizer concentrations, and one field getting none.
What is the control group?

The field with no fertilizer

Which of the following cell organelles is responsible for detoxifying harmful substances and synthesizing lipids?

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

In the human respiratory system, where does the actual exchange of gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide) occur?

Alveoli

Which type of bond is formed when electrons are transferred from one atom to another, resulting in oppositely charged ions?

Ionic bond

Which layer of the skin contains hair follicles, sweat glands, and nerve endings?

Dermis

What is the primary function of the hormone insulin?

To lower blood glucose levels by helping cells absorb sugar

Which of the following is a classic example of a "ball and socket" joint in the human body?

Shoulder

In a Mendelian genetics cross between two heterozygous tall plants (Tt x Tt), what is the probability that the offspring will be short (tt)?

25%

Elements in the same column (group) of the periodic table are similar because they have the same number of:

Valence electrons

Which property of water allows it to resist rapid changes in temperature?

High specific heat

An atom of Oxygen has an atomic number of 8. How many electrons are in its second (outermost) shell?

6

Which specific property of water allows it to act as a "universal solvent" for ionic and polar substances?

Polarity

A solution that contains the maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved at a specific temperature is referred to as:

Saturated

Catalyst in a chemical reaction?

Increases the reaction rate

Why does ice float on top of liquid water?

Water molecules in ice are spaced further apart

Endothermic reaction

Absorbs heat from the surrounding environment

Exothermic reactions

Release heat to the surroundings (combustion)